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SOCIETY OF THE 1920S

SOCIETY OF THE 1920S. WOMEN. Women’s Suffrage reappears during Progressive Era National American Woman Suffrage Association Leaders Carrie Chapman Catt Alice Paul 19 th Amendment (1920) Woman’s right to vote League of Women Voters. WOMEN. After WWI-returned to the home

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SOCIETY OF THE 1920S

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  1. SOCIETY OF THE 1920S

  2. WOMEN • Women’s Suffrage reappears during Progressive Era • National American Woman Suffrage Association • Leaders • Carrie Chapman Catt • Alice Paul • 19th Amendment (1920) • Woman’s right to vote • League of Women Voters

  3. WOMEN • After WWI-returned to the home • Change in morals (cities) • Pre-marital sex • Birth Control • Shorter/lightweight dresses (knee) • Shorter hair (bob) • Smoked, drank, & drove cars • “flappers” • Liberal divorce laws

  4. FLAPPERS

  5. PROHIBITION • Temperance=Prohibition • 18th Amendment (1919)-outlawed the manufacture, sale, & transportation of alcohol • Increased crime • Speakeasies & Bootleggers • Bath Tub Gin • Organized Crime-Al Capone • “Nobel Experiment” • 21st Amendment (1933)-repealed Prohibition

  6. PROHIBITION

  7. BOOTLEGGER

  8. ORGANIZED CRIME • New York and Chicago • Biggest Boss-Al Capone • St. Valentine’s Day Massacre • 1929 • Hit on Bugs Moran • Gunmen dressed liked police in a stolen police car • Killed 7 • Moran not one of them

  9. “MONKEY TRIAL” • Modernists vs. Traditionalists • Dayton, Tennessee (1925) • John Scopes-taught Darwin • Arrested and put on trial • ACLU hires Clarence Darrow to represent Scopes • William Jennings Bryan serves as special prosecutor • Scopes found guilty

  10. MONKEY TRIAL

  11. MONKEY TRIAL

  12. CULTURE • Radio • First radio station( 1920) • By 1930-800 stations-10 million radios • National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in 1924 • Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1927 • News broadcasts, sporting events, soap operas, quiz shows, & comedies • Jazz Age

  13. CULTURE • Movies • Hollywood, CA • Silent film stars • Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, Rudolf Valentino • Elaborate “movie palaces” • Talking Pictures (1927) • The Jazz Singer-Al Jolson • By 1929, 80 million tickets sold each week

  14. CULTURE

  15. CULTURE • Literature • Themes • Religion-hypocritical • War sacrifice-fraud • “Alienation” • Anti-Consumerism

  16. CULTURE • Literature • Authors • F. Scott Fitzgerald-The Great Gatsby (1925) • Ernest Hemingway-The Sun Also Rises (1926) • Sinclair Lewis-Main Street (1920) & Babbitt (1922) • T.S. Eliot (poet)-”Wasteland” (1922) • Eugene O’Neil (Playwright) • “Lost Generation”-Gertrude Stein

  17. HARLEM RENAISSANCE • Largest African-American Community-Harlem, NY • Concentration of artists, actors, musicians & writers • Main Theme-Overcoming Obstacles • Langston Hughes-Poet • Jazz Age-Cotton Club • Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith

  18. HARLEM RENAISSANCE • Marcus Garvey • Advocated individual & racial pride • “Black Nationalism” • “Back to Africa Movement” • United Negro Improvement Association (1916) • 1925-convicted of fraud & deported to Jamaica

  19. HARLEM RENAISSANCE

  20. ECONOMY OF 1920s • Business boom lasted from 1919-1929, due to • Increased productivity-adopted principles of scientific management, mass production, and assembly line • Energy technologies-increased use of oil and electricity • Government policies-offered corporate tax cuts and not enforcing antitrust laws

  21. ECONOMY OF 1920s • Mass Consumerism-more stores • New Appliances • Refrigerator, vacuum, washing machines • Advertising • Buy on Credit

  22. ADS

  23. ADS

  24. AUTOMOBILE • By 1929-26.5 million registered • Replaced railroad industry as key factor in economic growth • Dependent Industries • Steel, glass, rubber, gasoline, construction • Huge influence in American life • Shopping, travel, commuting, courting, traffic jams, injuries & deaths

  25. POLITICS OF THE 1920S

  26. NATIVISM • Over a million immigrants came to the US between 1919 and 1921 • Many saw these immigrants as revolutionists • Socialists & Communists • A. Mitchell Palmer-”raids” • Demands for restrictive laws were acted upon by Congress • First Quota Act of 1921-limited immigration to 3% of immigrants from certain countries as counted in the census of 1910 • The Second Quota Act of 1924-Changed to 2% and used the census of 1890

  27. NATIVISM • By 1927, the quota for all Asians, eastern and southern Europeans had been limited to 150,000 with all Japanese barred • Canadians and Latin American immigrants were exempt • One example of nativism was the Sacco- Vanzetti case • Italian shoemakers • Accused, tried, and executed for murder • Historians later proved their innocence

  28. NATIVISM

  29. KKK • Resurgence in 1920s • Midwest & South • Blacks, Catholics, Jews, Foreigners, Communists • Grew to 5 million due to advertising • Developed strong political influence • Began to decline in 1925 • Leader convicted of murder

  30. PRESIDENCY OF WARREN HARDING • Return of the “Old Guard” Republicans • Elected because he “looked like a president” • Cabinet • Sec. of State-Charles Evans Hughes • Sec. of Commerce-Herbert Hoover • Sec. of Treasury-Andrew Mellon • Chief Justice-William H. Taft

  31. PRESIDENCY OF WARREN HARDING • Approved a reduction in the income tax • Approved an increase in tariff rates (Fordney-McCumber Act of 1922) • Established the Bureau of the Budget • Died in August 1923 of stroke while traveling west • Many believe wife poisoned him with arsenic • After death Teapot Dome Scandal erupts-Harding not implicated

  32. TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL • Harding appointed Sec. of Interior-Albert Fall and Attorney General Harry Daugherty to his cabinet • 1924-Congress discovered Fall had accepted bribes for granting oil leases near Teapot Dome, WY • Daugherty also took bribes to not prosecute certain criminal suspects

  33. PRESIDENCY OF CALVIN COOLIDGE • “Silent Cal” • Summarized his presidency in the single phrase, “The business of the American people is business.” • Wins the election of 1924 easily • Believed in limited government, especially where business was concerned • Cut spending which will especially hurt farmers

  34. ELECTION OF 1928 • Coolidge declines to run for another term • Republicans nominate Herbert Hoover, had served under three presidents but never held elected office • Democrats nominate Alfred Smith-Gov. of NY, Roman Catholic • Hoover wins in landslide due to “Coolidge Prosperity” and dislike for Smith’s religion

  35. PRESIDENTS OF THE 1920S

  36. FARM PROBLEMS • Did not share in prosperity • Best years from 1916-1918 due to war time demand in Europe and US government policy of minimum pricing for corn and wheat • Surpluses by increased productivity added to farmers problems

  37. LABOR PROBLEMS • Wages rose during the 1920s, therefore the Union movement declined • Some companies began practicing “welfare capitalism”-voluntarily offering their employees improved benefits and higher wages in order to remove all need for unions • The Union Mine Workers led by John Lewis suffered setbacks in a series of violent unsuccessful strikes • Conservative courts routinely issued injunctions against strikes

  38. HEROES OF THE 1920S • Charles Lindbergh • 1927-flew the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean • Amelia Earheart • 1928-first women to fly across the Atlantic

  39. HEROES OF THE 1920S • Harold “Red” Grange • Football Player • “The Galloping Ghost” • 3 time All American • Played professionally for the Chicago Bears and New York Giants • Jack Dempsey • Boxer • “Manassa Mauler” • Held the Heavyweight Title from 1919-1926

  40. HEROES OF THE 1920S • Babe Ruth • Baseball Player • “The Sultan of Swat” • Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees • 1927-set record for the most home runs hit in a season-60 • From 1920-1933 hit 637 home runs

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