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Chapter 5 Section 1. Georgia as a Colony. Georgia. Vocabulary Chapter 5.1. James Edward Oglethorpe Trustee John and Mary Musgrove Tomochichi. Vocabulary. Palisade Scots Highlanders Battle of Bloody Marsh Augusta. Vocabulary. Yamacraw Bluff Treaty of Savannah John Wesley
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Chapter 5 Section 1 Georgia as a Colony Georgia
Vocabulary Chapter 5.1 • James Edward Oglethorpe • Trustee • John and Mary Musgrove • Tomochichi
Vocabulary Palisade Scots Highlanders Battle of Bloody Marsh Augusta
Vocabulary • Yamacraw Bluff • Treaty of Savannah • John Wesley • George Whitefield
Vocabulary • Charter of 1732 • Salzburgers • John Reynolds • Commons House of Assembly
Vocabulary • Malcontents • Buffer colony • Royal governor • Henry Ellis
Read Silently Pgs 81-86 Creating a Buffer Colony
England Experiencing Serious Problems • People were leaving farming, going to cities • Farmers that stayed could not produce enough food for population • Cities were overcrowded • Many people were homeless and without work • People who could not pay their debts (loans) went to prison
Meanwhile, in the Colonies… • Charles Town, SC is at risk to attacks by the Spanish in Florida • Land between South Carolina and Florida is “debatable land” • Proposal for a “buffer colony” • Fort King George built in 1721 • James Oglethorpe proposes a new colony
James Oglethorpe • British soldier, member of Parliament (the legislative branch of British government) • Argued for prison reform and spoke against slavery • Upset that many people went to prison simply because they were poor • Called the “worthy poor” • Because the worthy poor could not afford to pay their taxes, they often ended up in debtors’ prisons
Reasons for the Colony • Charitable – relief for debtors and “worthy poor” • Defensive – protection between Florida and Charles Town • Economic – self-supporting colony {cheap resources} • As an act of charity, the trustees paid for debtors to go to Georgia instead of prison. • It addressed: overcrowding, homelessness & unemployment
The Georgia Charter • 1730 Oglethorpe and 20 others became trustees • They drafted a charter Requesting: • “a grant of lands on the southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London” • “all land between the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers …”
Trustee Georgia 1730-1761 • Trustee – someone who oversees property on behalf of someone else • King George II signed the charter on June 9, 1732 • The colony was named after King George • Before Georgia became a British colony, there was tension between the British and Spanish over the land.
Encouragement Although Parliament gave $,most of the $ came from private sources
Rules • Trustees could not own land or hold office in Georgia • Could not make profit • The trustees were not paid • Did not set up any type of local government • Colonists had the same rights as British citizens
Rules • Expected to pay for itself by supplying England with goods • Poor people were chosen to benefit from a new start • No rum or hard liquor was allowed • Slavery was banned • Only males heirs could inherit land
Sailing in the Ann LISTEN November 17, 1732 115 men, women, and children February 1, 1733 docked at Charles Town list of passengers
Write a letter! You are a settler newly arrived at Yamacraw Bluff. Write to someone back home in England about your experience so far.
Brainstorm, Rough Draft, Edit • Choose the organizer that will work best for you, and your ideas.
Form of a letter HEADING GREETING BODY- IN PARAGRAPHS COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING
Tomochichi Chief of the Yamacraw Indians February 12, 1733 he allowed the Ann’s passengers to land Yamacraw Bluff is a few miles inland from the mouth of the Savannah River Played an important role in creating peace between the Europeans and Native Americans in Georgia.
Tomochichi LISTEN Oglethorpe and Tomochichi became friends In 1734, James Oglethorpe brought Tomochichi and his family to England Tomochichi’s trip proved to be valuable to the Native Americans of Georgia His efforts led to the creation of a school for his tribe
Mary Musgrove Operated a trading post in the Yamacraw village Married to John Musgrove She was Oglethorpe’s interpreter Her father was English her mother was Creek
James Oglethorpe • Had no title, but was accepted as the leader of the colony • The Trustees desired a classless society a) Identical houses c) how much land could be owned b) Identical lots d) the prohibition of slavery • Worked with Colonel William Bull and surveyor Noble Jones • The design by Robert Castell was used as pattern for this city
Treaty of Savannah Oglethorpe met with Creek chiefs After three days of negotiations
Savannah LISTEN The plan for Savannah was to have four squares On the north and south sides had 20 lots On the east and west four larger lots were set aside for churches or stores The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings – called tythings and wards Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot was of equal size
Savannah The colonists built a palisade around the settlement and forts for protection The city of Savannah, Georgia, was founded in 1733 It was the thirteenth and last British colony in America
Savannah LISTEN • Each settler was expected to care for • His house • His 5 acre garden plot (on the edge of town) • His 45 farm acres in the country • The colonists • cultivated mulberry trees to feed silkworms • They also built a sundial for telling time • A gristmill for grinding corn into meal • A courthouse • A water well • And a bakery
Battle of Bloody Marsh • English and Spanish forces fought in St. Simons Island • 650 British, Scot Highlander, and Native Americans VS 2,000 Spanish soldiers • British victory ended the Spanish claim to Georgia
CRCT Book • Read pages 28-34 • Answer questions #57-79 on your own paper • Write the heading and the correct question # and your letter choice of an answer • Example: • An Evaluation of the Trustee Period 78. E 79. F
Answers 57. A 66. C 75. B 58. D 67. D 76. D 59. C 68. B 77. B 60. B 69. D 78. A 61. C 70. A 79. C 62. C 71. B 63.A 72. D 64. A 73. B 65. C 74. D
Augusta A secure settlement between Charles Town and Savannah North of Savannah In honor of Prince of Wales’ wife
The Role Of The… • Salzburgers • Highland Scots • Malcontents • Spanish threat from Florida
Scots Highlanders 1736 Oglethorpe recruited 175 Highland Scots Settled on the north bank of Altamaha river Called it New Inverness today is Darien Only Gaelic speaking settlement in Georgia The soil was not good for agriculture They raised cattle and harvested timber
Scots Highlanders Black Watch Tartan (plaid fabric) were used by the Scottish troops serving in the British Army. Targes are round shields between 18″ and 21″
Darien It is the second oldest planned city in Georgia McIntosh County
DARIEN- Scots Highlanders settled here
The Salzburgers Group of German Protestants Expelled from Salzburg in 1731 Salzburg is a city in present-day Austria Oglethorpe welcomed them to Georgia The Salzburgers arrived 1734 Established the town of Ebenezer and New Ebenezer
The Salzburgers The Salzburgers were successful in • agriculture • raising cattle • lumbering • silk culturing
The Salzburgers Built 1735 the first saw mill in Georgia on Ebenezer Creek 1737 first orphanage was built at New Ebenezer 1740 the first rice and grist mill in Georgia 1734 organized the first Sunday School 1741 constructed the first Church
The Moravians Protestant group from Bohemia today Czech Republic 1735 Came to Georgia as missionaries Their focus was to convert non-Christians
The Moravians Other Protestants did not trust the Moravians They had many new and different ideas One of them: women could preach and hold religious offices. Ultimately they were unsuccessful and eventually dissolved
Discontent • 1736 Oglethorpe introduces new rules • Upset about the land ownership restrictions • Restrictions on the use of slavery • Afraid it would make landowners idle/want more land • The prohibition of rum/alcohol • It could not be traded with Native Americans-$$$$$$$$ lost