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Fundamentals of Wind Energy

Fundamentals of Wind Energy. Paul Gipe & Assoc. Where  is air density (kg/m 3 ), A is area (m 2 ), and V is velocity (m/s). Power in the Wind. Paul Gipe & Assoc. Where p is air pressure (mb), R is the gas constant, and T is temperature (K). Air Density. Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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Fundamentals of Wind Energy

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  1. Fundamentals of Wind Energy Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  2. Where  is air density (kg/m3), A is area (m2), and V is velocity (m/s). Power in the Wind Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  3. Where p is air pressure (mb), R is the gas constant, and T is temperature (K) Air Density Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  4. Paul Gipe & Assoc. Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  5. Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  6. Wellington, NZ Identifying the Wind Resource Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  7. Vegetative Indicators--Wind Throw Aude, France Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  8. Increase in Wind Speed Over Ridges Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  9. Wind Sensors Anemometer Wind Vane Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  10. Wind Direction Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  11. Seasonal Wind Distribution Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  12. Rayleigh Wind Speed Distribution Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  13. Weibull Wind Speed DistributionFor Same Average Speed Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  14. Turbulence & Obstructions Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  15. Speed, Power, & Height V/Vo = (H/Ho) α • 1/7 (0.14), Low Grass Prairies • 1/4 (0.25), Suburbs • 0.40, Urban P/Po = (H/Ho) 3α Where α is the surface friction coefficient. Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  16. Increase in Wind Speed with Height

  17. Increase in Power with Height

  18. Change in Wind Speed & Power with Height 1/7 (0.14), Low Grass Prairies Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  19. Typical Tower Height Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  20. California Wind Resources

  21. Wind Resources of the Dakotas

  22. Energy in the Wind AEO (Annual Energy Output) 3 AEO = 1/2 ρ A V ή (8,760 hrs/year) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  23. Back-of-the-Envelope (Swept Area) Simple Approximation Power Curve & Speed Distribution Method Used by the Pros Accuracy Dependent Upon Data Manufacturers’ Tables Dependent Upon Honesty of Manufacturer Software Must Know Assumptions Used (RETScreen) AEO Estimating Methods Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  24. Rotor Dimensions Paul Gipe & Assoc.

  25. Measured Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines @ Wulf Field

  26. AEO Small Wind Turbines

  27. Conversion Efficiency Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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