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Absolutism

Absolutism. Intro and Spain. What is Absolutism?. A form of government in which unlimited power is held by one individual or a group; such as a monarch and his or her advisers. Habsburgs- Philip II Bourbons- Louis XIV Tudors- Henry VIII, Elizabeth I

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Absolutism

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  1. Absolutism Intro and Spain

  2. What is Absolutism? • A form of government in which unlimited power is held by one individual or a group; such as a monarch and his or her advisers. • Habsburgs- Philip II • Bourbons- Louis XIV • Tudors- Henry VIII, Elizabeth I • Romanovs- Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great

  3. Divine Right of Kings • Belief that God chooses kings to rule nations. • Believed they were god’s representative on Earth. • He/She alone decides what is best for the state • The ruler encourages industry and trade to strengthen the economy. • Monarch answered only to god, not to his/her subjects on earth. • Obedience to the King was Obedience to God

  4. Absolute Monarchs in Europe: Reformation Long Term Causes: 1. Rise of cities and growth of the middle class 2. Growth of national kingdoms 3. Loss of Church Authority Immediate Causes: 1. Build up of Armies 2. Need for increase in taxes 3. Revolts by Peasants and Nobles

  5. Absolute Monarchs in Europe Immediate Effects: 1. Regulation of Religion and Society 2. Larger Courts 3. Huge Building Projects 4. Huge Government Bureaucracies 5. Loss of Power by nobility and legislatures Long Term Effects: 1. Revolution in France 2. Western Influence on Russia 3. English political Reforms that influence U.S. Democracy

  6. Some examples of Absolute Monarchs We will discuss: • Phillip II of Spain • Louis XIV • Versailles • Queen Elizabeth I

  7. Centralization of Government Kings limited the power of the nobility. Close Control of Social Groups King limited the influence of the church, trade and work unions, and political parties Popular Representation Kings worked to appear as if they had the interest of the people and the country as a high priority. Major Elements (Characteristics of an Absolute Monarch)

  8. Son of Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) and Isabela of Portugal Shy yet Aggressive/very religious. Seized Portugal when King died with out heir (King was Uncle) Controlled Spain, Spanish Netherlands, the American colonies, parts of Germany, and Portugal (and all of its properties) Fought Protestant in Northern Germany. Philip II (1556-1598)

  9. Philip II and the Hapsburgs control most of Europe. Strongest family supported by Catholic Church (many Popes and Holy Roman Emperors) Positive contributions Spain became a producer of Art… El Greco… Miguel de Cervantes Centralized Government and trade flourished bring wealth to Spain Philip II (Habsburgs) and Spain

  10. Hapsburg Family Tree

  11. Inflation and taxes Population growing kept demand high and prices were higher. Silver value dropped because of excess. Lost artist and businesspeople when they kicked out Moors and Jews. Spain Makes enemies Richer People bought products from other countries and war caused Philip II to borrow from other countries. Dutch Independence Spain lost lost of money when the Dutch became Independent of Philip II and Spain Decline of Spanish Empire (Problems for Philip II)

  12. Though he supported Elizabeth’s reign in England, Philip II did not like it when she helped the Protestant Netherlands. For two years Philip II planned an invasion that was called the Spanish Armada The Spanish Armada (May 30, 1558) Multiple wars against Protestants drained the treasury. Heirs were not prepared Phillips II son and grandson (Philip III and Phillip IV)were not strong. Last Habsburg was Phillip IV son Charles II who gave Spain to Louis XIV grandson Phillip of Anjou. Decline of Habsburg Family

  13. Results • Bad leadership gave power to Nobles who preferred to live like Kings • Famine of 1640s followed by the plague of 1647 killed thousands of Spaniards • Overburdened and overtaxed the citizens rebelled. • Spain loses the Netherlands and Portugal

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