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Ecology

Ecology . Organisms and the environment. Abiotic & Biotic. Environment – all influences acting upon an organism. Abiotic & Biotic. Environment – all influences acting upon an organism Abiotic – non-living. Physical characteristics of an environment. EG. Abiotic & Biotic.

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology Organisms and the environment

  2. Abiotic & Biotic • Environment – all influences acting upon an organism

  3. Abiotic & Biotic • Environment – all influences acting upon an organism • Abiotic – non-living. Physical characteristics of an environment. EG.

  4. Abiotic & Biotic • Environment – all influences acting upon an organism • Abiotic – non-living. Physical characteristics of an environment. EG. Water, rocks, mountains. • Biotic – living. An organism’s relationship in its environment. EG.

  5. Abiotic & Biotic • Environment – all influences acting upon an organism • Abiotic – non-living. Physical characteristics of an environment. EG. Water, rocks, trees. • Biotic – living. An organism’s relationship in its environment. EG. Predators, parasites, competitors, and food supply.

  6. Modes of life • Producers -

  7. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases.

  8. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers -

  9. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms.

  10. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores)

  11. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores) • Scavengers -

  12. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores) • Scavengers – feed off dead animals

  13. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores) • Scavengers – feed off dead animals • Parasites – feed off LIVING organisms (and don’t kill them!)

  14. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores) • Scavengers – feed off dead animals • Parasites – feed off LIVING organisms (and don’t kill them!) • Omnivores -

  15. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores) • Scavengers – feed off dead animals • Parasites – feed off LIVING organisms (and don’t kill them!) • Omnivores - eat both plant and animal. (Both primary and secondary consumers)

  16. Modes of life • Producers – (or autotrophs) make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis and bacteria can use dissolved gases. • Consumers – consume other organisms. * Primary (herbivores) * Secondary (carnivores) * Tertiary (feed on other carnivores) • Scavengers – feed off dead animals • Parasites – feed off LIVING organisms (and don’t kill them!) • Omnivores - eat both plant and animal. (Both primary and secondary consumers) • Decomposers – break down food, decay, waste or dead things. They are either bacteria or fungi and recycle materials.

  17. Adaptations • Inherited characteristics which enable organisms to survive or to reproduce more effectively.

  18. Adaptations • Inherited characteristics which enable organisms to survive or to reproduce more effectively. • Structural -

  19. Adaptations • Inherited characteristics which enable organisms to survive or to reproduce more effectively. • Structural – something to do with the ‘body’ of the organism. EG.

  20. Adaptations • Inherited characteristics which enable organisms to survive or to reproduce more effectively. • Structural – something to do with the ‘body’ of the organism. EG. Wings, claws, teeth, big ears. • Physiological – something to do with chemicals inside the organism. EG.

  21. Adaptations • Inherited characteristics which enable organisms to survive or to reproduce more effectively. • Structural – something to do with the ‘body’ of the organism. EG. Wings, claws, teeth, big ears. • Physiological – something to do with chemicals inside the organism. EG. Poison in snakes/plants, pepsin in our stomachs which digest food quickly. • Behavioural – a behaviour change that benefits. EG.

  22. Adaptations • Inherited characteristics which enable organisms to survive or to reproduce more effectively. • Structural – something to do with the ‘body’ of the organism. EG. Wings, claws, teeth, big ears. • Physiological – something to do with chemicals inside the organism. EG. Poison in snakes/plants, pepsin in our stomachs which digest food quickly. • Behavioural – a behaviour change that benefits. EG. Lions hunting in packs, animals moving to shade, you guys learning to shut up otherwise I get mad!!!!!!

  23. Recap • What is an adaptation?

  24. Recap • What is an adaptation? • Behavioural/structural/physiological?

  25. Recap • What is an adaptation? • Behavioural/structural/physiological? • Examples?

  26. Recap • What is an adaptation? • Behavioural/structural/physiological? • Examples? • What’s abiotic/biotic?

  27. Recap • What is an adaptation? • Behavioural/structural/physiological? • Examples? • What’s abiotic/biotic? • Consumer/producer?

  28. Recap • What is an adaptation? • Behavioural/structural/physiological? • Examples? • What’s abiotic/biotic? • Consumer/producer? • Herbivore/carnivore/omnivore?

  29. In the back of your book… • Number 1-10 and silently choose whether these adaptations are structural/behavioural/physiological

  30. Mimicry

  31. Mimicry • Is the similarity of one species to another which protects one or both.

  32. Mimicry • Is the similarity of one species to another which protects one or both. • This similarity can be in appearance,behaviour, sound,scent and even location, with the mimics found in similar places to their models.

  33. Mimicry • Is the similarity of one species to another which protects one or both. • This similarity can be in appearance,behaviour, sound,scent and even location, with the mimics found in similar places to their models.

  34. Batesian Mimicry • In Batesian mimicry the mimic shares signals similar to the model, but does not have the attribute that makes it unprofitable to predators (e.g. unpalatability). In other words, a Batesian mimic is a sheep in wolf’s clothing. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuW2m2btftY

  35. Mullerian Mimicry • Müllerian mimicry describes a situation where two or more species have very similar warning or aposematic signals and both share genuine anti-predation attributes (e.g. being unpalatable). •  If two species were confused with one another by a common predator, individuals in both would be more likely to survive.

  36. Mullerian Mimicry • Müllerian mimicry describes a situation where two or more species have very similar warning or aposematic signals and both share genuine anti-predation attributes (e.g. being unpalatable). •  If two species were confused with one another by a common predator, individuals in both would be more likely to survive. • Firstly, both the mimic and the model benefit from the interaction, which could thus be classified as mutualism.

  37. Mutualism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BEKrc-aXF8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3bWqlPLpMg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sG-XQMf_5Uk

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