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Ashiana Sheffield Ltd

Ashiana Sheffield Ltd. Trafficked Women SWWOP. Trafficking.

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Ashiana Sheffield Ltd

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  1. Ashiana Sheffield Ltd Trafficked Women SWWOP

  2. Trafficking • "Trafficking in persons" shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs; • (Palermo Protocol, 2000)

  3. Human Trafficking • Trafficking is the movement of people by means of the threat or use of force, deception, coercion or deception. • It is an abuse of power or position of vulnerability or the giving or receiving of payment or benefit to gain control over another person. • Trafficking is typically for the purposes of sexual exploitation (through prostitution), forced labour, domestic servitude, slavery or the removal of organs.

  4. External / Cross-Border Different yet Similar

  5. Victim Identification Flow Chart for Adults (18 and over) Means Facilitation Threat or use of force Purpose Coercion Forced labour or services Recruitment Abduction Slavery or practices similar to slavery Transportation Fraud by means of For the purpose of Transfer Deception Servitude Harbouring Removal of organs Abuse of power Receipt Prostitution or other forms of sexual violence Abuse of a position of vulnerability Giving or receiving payments of benefits to achieve consent of a person having control over another person

  6. National Referral Mechanism • Mechanism whereby women identified as potential victims of trafficking receive support • Reasonable Grounds decision • 45 day Reflection and Recovery period • Conclusive Grounds decision • Leave to Remain?

  7. Women’s experiences of transportation and trauma • Kidnapped • Betrayal by family member or acquaintance • Lack of basics – food, drink, rest, warmth • Life threatening travel routes – crossing borders illegally, dangerous modes of transport • Loss of identity (e.g. Passport taken away) • Long journeys, multiple trafficking • Lack of safe human contact

  8. Women’s experiences - exploitation • Physical violence • Physical deprivation • Physical illness and injury • Lack of access to health care • Illegal and forced abortions • Forced sex, rape, sexual assault by pimps • Threats, lies, deception • Debt bondage • Drug and alcohol abuse • Isolation – language, culture, family • No freedom of movement.

  9. Fear and Reprisals • Fear of punishment • Fear of deportation • Fear of retribution • Fear of authorities • Fear of not being understood • Fear for family safety • Fear of pimp / trafficker

  10. Impact on PhysicalHealth • Fatigue • Weight Loss / Loss of Appetite • Headaches • Dizzy Spells • Poor Memory • Back Pain • Joint / Muscle Pain • Fractures / Sprains • Facial Injuries • Dental Problems • Skin Infections Sexual / Reproductive Health • Pelvic Pain • Pain on Urination • Vaginal Discharge • Vaginal Pain • Vaginal Bleeding (not menstruation) • Gynaecological Infections • Irregular / Painful Periods

  11. Impacts on Mental Health • Restless & agitated • Insomnia / lethargy • Substance dependency • Eating disorders • Frequent crying • Impatience & Irritability • Unmotivated • Lack of sexual interest • Poor concentration • Self-blame / guilt • Negative thoughts • Despairing • Feeling hopeless • Loneliness • Pessimism • Suicidal ideation • Self-harming

  12. Impact-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder • Images / dreams / flashbacks • Selective amnesia • Anxiety • Nightmares / disturbed sleep • Social withdrawal /dissociation • Avoidance of trauma triggers • Easily startled

  13. Trafficked PersonsUnderstanding Mindset Frequently women: • Do not speak English and are unfamiliar with UK culture. • Confined to room or small space to work, eat, sleep. • Fear, distrust police, government and health care providers. • Are not aware that they are a victim of crime. • Do not consider themselves victims. • Blame themselves for their situations. • May develop loyalties, positive feelings toward trafficker as coping mechanism (Stockholm Syndrome). • May try to protect trafficker from authorities. • Do not know where they are, because traffickers move them frequently to escape detection. • Fear for safety of family in home country.

  14. Ashiana • Emotional support • Trafficking report – UKHTC / UKBA • Support with asylum claims • GU Med – sexual health • CHC – physical health, counselling • Access to education and training • Support into interim / NASS accommodation • Resettlement support

  15. SWWOP Women exploited through street prostition Outreach Crisis Intervention Recovery and Exit

  16. Best Practice Building relationship of trust: It is widely acknowledged that speaking of traumatic events outside a relationship of trust and safety can lead to a deterioration in mental health and an increase in trauma-related symptoms.

  17. Best Practice Other important messages to convey: • Understand it takes time • Recognise the impacts • Don’t judge • Your safety is our first priority • We are here to help you • We believe you • We will support you how you need to be supported • We want to make sure that what happened to you doesn’t happen to anyone else

  18. Points to consider – way forward • Importance of specialist, consistent support for the women • Further partnership working to improve support to the women • Keep dialogue open between agencies • Share expertise, new trends etc • Recognition of each others responsibilities towards trafficked women • Support for the continued funding of specialist services, both voluntary and public sector

  19. Points to consider – way forward Importance of raising awareness: Hugely important that we become more familiar with how to recognise and respond to victims of trafficking. Failure to identify and respond appropriately causes secondary victimisation and compounds the victims’ trauma.

  20. Contact Details Ashiana 0114 2555740 Rachel Mullan-Feroze – Service Manager r.mullan-feroze@ashianahelp.org.uk SWWOP 0114 2752040 Sali@swwop.org.uk

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