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Henry Bessemer

Henry Bessemer. Volta. Faraday. Pasteur. Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution, widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 1700s. Causes of the Industrial Revolution New farming methods New technology. Ch. 5 Sec. 1 Dawn of the Industrial Age.

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Henry Bessemer

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  1. Henry Bessemer Volta

  2. Faraday

  3. Pasteur

  4. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution, • widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 1700s. • Causes of the Industrial Revolution • New farming methods • New technology

  5. Ch. 5 Sec. 1Dawn of the Industrial Age • Life before Industrialization • People lived in simple homes • Worked using hand tools • Light • Candles • Clothes • Made their own • Food • Grew their own • Traveled • by foot or horse • Communicate • Sent Messages or messenger

  6. Life after industrialization • Towns turned to cities • Machines began to do work • Light • Electricity • Bought • clothes and food • Travel • boat or train • Communicate • telegram

  7. New Inventions • Anesthetic • Kills pain • Sewing machine • Tool to measure the speed of light • Antiseptic • Kills germs

  8. New Farming Methods • Lord Charles Townshend • Urged farmers to grow turnips, because it replenished the soil • Jethro Tull • Invented the Seed Drill • Helped farmers, because it planted seeds in a row

  9. New Technology • Energy • Coal • Used to power the steam engine • Thomas Newcomen • Invented the steam engine • James Watt • Improved Newcomen’s steam engine

  10. Steam Engine

  11. Reasons why Britain led the way in Industry Natural Resources Human Resources Technology Political Conditions Social Conditions Economic Conditions

  12. Ch. 3 Sec 2Britain Leads the way Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? • Plenty of coal and iron • Large number of workers • Rapid population growth (5 mil to 9 mil in one year) • Why? • More food = less famine • More medicine = less sickness, disease • Entrepreneurs took risks to start new businesses • Increased Trade = more money

  13. Continued • Stable government (constitutional monarchy) • Strong navy • Britain was the center of the Scientific Revolution • Skilled mechanics

  14. The Age of Iron and Coal • Darby invented a new way to produce iron. • Coal replaced wood to smelt iron • Made iron cheaper, but better.

  15. Changes in the Textile Industry Cotton • New inventions improve the British textile (cloth) industry • Spinning jenny (spins cotton into cloth) • First factories are built • Machines were too large to be in homes • Factories were located near streams and railroads • transportation

  16. Spinning Jenny

  17. Early Factory

  18. Factory

  19. Later Factory

  20. Revolution in Transportation • Steam locomotive (train) • Faster and cheaper transport • Steamboats improved shipping • Faster and cheaper transport • Max speed was 5 mph

  21. Locomotive

  22. Steamboat

  23. Reviewing key terms • Abraham Darby • He produced better quality and less expensive iron • Richard Arkwright • Hard working entrepreneur who invented the waterframe to speed up spinning cotton. • Factory • Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods

  24. Turnpike • Privately built roads that charge a fee to travelers who used them • Robert Fulton • American who used James Watt’s steam engine to power a boat that broke the speed record • 5 mph

  25. Britain Cotton Trade--1850 A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.

  26. Industrial Revolution Pop Quiz • Name two differences between life before and life after industrialization. BeforeAfter

  27. 2. Give one Reason why Britain led the way in Industry

  28. Pop quiz continued • Why were factories built and why were they built near rivers and railroads? • What was the energy source that powered the steam engine? • Who invented the seed drill and how did it help farmers? • List the 2 factors that caused rapid population growth.

  29. A H G C I E D F J B

  30. Ch. 5 section 3Hardships of Early Industrial life • What is a movement of people from the countryside to the city? P 178 • What led to the massive migration of people from farms to cities? P 178 • Who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution? P 179 • What social class was created because of the Industrial Revolution? p179 • Describe factory work during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. p180

  31. Describe the tenement. (Be specific) P 180 • What did the Luddites protest against? P 180 • Why did employers prefer to hire women over men? 181 • If women were working in factories, who was cleaning the home, cooking, and taking care of the children? 181-182 • Describe the conditions for Miners and factory workers? 181 • What happened to workers who got sick or injured on the job? Why? 181

  32. Test continued • Why were children hired to work in factories and coal mines? • Describe working conditions for children in the mines. • What were some benefits that the working class gained as the Industrial Revolution progressed?

  33. 1 5 6 4 7 2 3

  34. Ch. 5 Section 4New Ways of Thinking California State Standard • 10.3.6: Analyze the emergence of Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.

  35. Ch 5 section 4Vocabulary • Capitalism • Individuals own companies and are free to sell goods at a price in order to make a profit • This is the type of economy that the US has • Laissez-Faire • Hands-off policy in business. (operate without govt. interference) • Free Market • Businesses are allowed to charge any price they want.

  36. Vocabulary cont. • Socialism • Together, people own and operate the means of production. (businesses) • Communism • Last stage of socialism, where different social classes no longer exist and the people own businesses together. • Bourgeoisie • Middle class or business owners • Proletariat • Working class (factory workers, farm labor)

  37. Capitalist Communists

  38. Laissez-faire Economists Capitalists • Adam Smith • Free Market competition • would cause lower prices • Thomas Malthus • Believed that • population growth • would cause • the poor to suffer • David Ricardo • Believed that the poor • could improve their • lives, if they had less • children

  39. Adam Smith

  40. Ch. 3 Section 4New Ways of Thinking • Adam Smith • He believed in laissez-faire economics • Laissez-Faire • “Hands off” policy (no govt. interference) • Free market (capitalism) would produce more goods at lower prices. • Do you agree? • If you have a lot of something, (pencils) do you think they would be expensive or in expensive? • inexpensive, because the pencil company would want to sell to get rid of them.

  41. Thomas Malthus

  42. Laissez-Faire • Thomas Malthus • Supported Laissez-Faire economics • Feared that population would increase, but that the food supply would not • If there’s not enough food, then people die. • Malthus also believed that WAR and Disease would decrease the population • Malthus’s solution to the increased population • Urged families to have fewer children • If not, then Poor families would suffer

  43. David Ricardo

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