DOMAIN NAMING SYSTEM (AN OVERVIEW)

1. DOMAIN NAMING SYSTEM (AN OVERVIEW) By -DEEPAK

2. Topics --DNS • What is DNS? • Purpose of DNS • DNS configuration files

3. DNS : 1) an Internet directory service which converts Host name to IP address and IP address to Host name. 2) Helps mail delivery agents, such as send mail and POP using mail exchange records (MX records).

4. History of DNS • Internet TCP/IP protocol suite to communicate • Protocol suite identifies by each machine a Media Access Control (MAC) address and an IP address . • MAC Physical Address …burnt on the network card • IP address ..Operator defined 

5. (history cont..) • IP address is used to identify what machine is to be contacted ( human interface level). • OS then discovers the MAC address • using the two identifiers to transmit packets . • IP address-to-name relationship was developed • Initially HOSTS.TXT recorded this information • Large database -->decentralized management model

6. DNS  network of servers designed to route a requesting party to the information they seek . • Two types of queries exist in this system 1) forward lookup 2) backward lookup host namegenetic .siu.edu Ip address Noentry Genetics.siu.edu Siuc.edu Local Server Genetics.siu.edu Plantsoil.siu.edu

8. DNS Hierarchy

9. Zones and DNS yahoo cities adds groups events mail photos maps games

10. in.named and DNS Name Servers • in.named is also called the Berkeley Internet Name Domain service, or BIND • There are three types of DNS name servers. • Master server • Slave server • Stub server • Each domain must have one master server and at least one slave server to provide backup.

11. DNS Files • Configuration File  /etc/named.conf • Data files  /var/named/named.ca /var/named/hosts /var/named/hosts.rev /var/named/named.local

12. /etc/named.conf • contains a list of domain names and the file names that contain host information • The /etc/named.conf file contains statements that implement the following.  Security through an Access Control List (ACL) that defines a collection of IP addresses that an host has read/write access Logging specifications Selectively applied options for a set of zones, rather than to all zones

13. The named.ca File • Establishes the names of root servers and lists their addresses. • If your network is connected to the Internet, it lists the Internet name servers; otherwise it lists the root domain name servers for your local network. • The in.named daemon cycles through the list of servers until it contacts one of them. It then obtains from that server the current list of root servers, which it uses to update named.ca.

14. The hosts File • The hosts file contains all the data about the machines in the local zone. • The name of this file is specified in the configuration file. To avoid confusion with /etc/hosts, name the file something other than hosts, for example, you could name these files using the pattern db.domain.

15. The hosts.rev File • The hosts.rev file specifies a zone in the in-addr.arpa. domain, the special domain that allows reverse (address-to-name) mapping • The name of this file is specified in the configuration file.

16. The named.local File • The named. local file specifies the address for the local loop back interface, or local host, with the network address 127.0.0.1. • The name of this file is specified in the configuration file.

17. DNS Clients and the Resolver • To be a DNS client, a machine must run the resolver . • is neither a daemon nor a single program . • resolver's function is to resolve users' queries . • resolver queries a name server, which then returns either the requested information

18. Thank you