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The Dawn of Creation and the Beauty of the Universe

The Dawn of Creation and the Beauty of the Universe. Wichita State University April 6, 2010 Steven Beckwith University of California. Hubble 1929. Expansion of the universe. H 0 = 73 km/s/Mpc. H 0 = 500 km/s/Mpc. H 0 = 73 km/s/Mpc. 300,000. Redshift cz (km/s). Riess, Press,

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The Dawn of Creation and the Beauty of the Universe

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  1. The Dawn of Creation and the Beauty of the Universe Wichita State University April 6, 2010 Steven Beckwith University of California

  2. Hubble 1929 Expansion of the universe H0 = 73 km/s/Mpc H0 = 500 km/s/Mpc H0 = 73 km/s/Mpc

  3. 300,000 Redshift cz (km/s) Riess, Press, & Kirshner (1996) 30,000 3,000 1,000 100 10,000 Distance (Mpc) Expansion history of the universe Constant in past (expected) Slower in past (big surprise!) Farther in the past Perlmutter et al. (1999) Riess et al. (1998)

  4. Adam Riess & Saul Permutter

  5. Astronomer Fritz Zwicky & dark matter

  6. Galaxy Clusters & Dark Matter 1: Determine the mass in stars from the light 2: Determine the gravitational mass needed to bind the energies of the galaxies (from the velocities): kinetic energy = -½ gravitational energy Zwicky found that: Mgravity ~ 50 Mstars

  7. Gravitational Lensing Reveals Total Matter

  8. t0 = 13.73 ± 0.12 Gyr The Standard Cosmology tot = 1.0 ± 0.1 h≈71.9 ± 2.6 M = 0.258 ± 0.030 L = 0.742 ± 0.030 b = 0.02273 ± 0.00062 ns = 0.963 ± 0.014 TCMB = 2.726 ± 0.010 ºK zreion = 11.0 ± 2.6

  9. History of Universe

  10. The Universe at 300,000 years T = 2.726 K DT = 3.35 mK DT = 18 µK DT = 6 µK The Cosmic Microwave Background

  11. Density fluctuations in the early universe

  12. Waves & Prefered Scales Wave amplitude spectrum Amplitude 1/5 m-1 1 m-1 5 m 1 m direction f(Hz)

  13. Temperature fluctuation power (mK2) Size scale of fluctuations 90º 2º 0.5º 0.2º 1º

  14. WMAP 7 yr Cosmology

  15. Millenium development of structure

  16. NGC 1300

  17. Hoag’s Object

  18. M87

  19. NGC 4458

  20. NGC 5866

  21. Sombrero Galaxy

  22. NGC 7469

  23. History of Universe

  24. 8.8 3.3 1.8 1.0 0.8 Tnow 13.7 Gyr Ultra Deep Field Tthen (Gyr) UDF Skywalker http://www.aip.de/groups/galaxies/sw/udf/

  25. Debra Elmegreen and colleagues (2005) Galaxy Morphologies Chain Clump-cluster Double Tadpole Spiral Elliptical

  26. B V i z Galaxy Distances: The Lyman Break 912 A V z = 0 13.7 Gyr B i z z = 1 5.9 Gyr z = 4 1.6 Gyr B-dropout z = 5 1.2 Gyr Steidel et al 1999, ApJ,462, L17

  27. i-Drop Morphologies Milky Way at high redshift Galaxies when the universe was <1 billion years old

  28. Colliding Galaxy Movie

  29. HST Galaxy

  30. z850 Dropouts (z ~ 7, 780 Myr) Oesch et al. 2010, arXiv:0909.1806v2

  31. Discovering New Phenomena After Fig. 3.10 in Cosmic Discovery, M. Harwit 1010 Detection technology 108 Telescope technology Electronic James Webb Space Telescope Sensitivity Improvement over the Eye 106 Photograpic Hubble Space Telescope 104 Short’s 21.5” 102 Rosse’s 72” Mount Wilson 100” Mount Palomar 200” Soviet 6-m Herschell’s 48” Slow f ratios Huygens eyepiece Galileo 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Year of observation

  32. JWST HST & JWST Census of galaxies: 5 < z < 20 Re-ionization of universe HST SNAP Galaxy sizes, shapes & luminosities: 0 < z < 10 Creation of “beauty” Expansion history: 0 < z < 2 Dark matter vs. time & space TMT LSST Dynamics of assembly & composition: 0 < z < 5 Expansion history: 0 < z < 1 Wide-field surveys with small telescopes: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, Evolving Structure

  33. Abell 1689 - STScI Release

  34. Structure develops as gravitational collapse competes with anexpanding universe. 1 Gyr z=6 3.3 Gyr z=2 13.7 Gyr z=0 The growth rates depend on the way that gravity acts within the expansion history. Discrepancy between the growth rate of structures predicted by general relativity during the expansion of the universe would be a smoking gun for New Physics. Image credit: V. Springel

  35. Remnant structure from early sound waves Longitudinal "wave" Transverse "wave" Predicted galaxy distribution Cosmic Microwave Background Expected wavelength = 150 Mpc = standard ruler The spectrum of “wavelengths” in the distribution of matter (galaxies) tells us how the frozen in pattern of early sounds waves has evolved with universal expansion.

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