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Earth’s Layers & Rocks & Minerals

Earth’s Layers & Rocks & Minerals. By: Brianna Shields January 27, 2005. DO NOW. 1. Name one “force” that is absent in the middle of outer space. 2. Name the “force” that causes the objects in space to move forward in a straight line.

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Earth’s Layers & Rocks & Minerals

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  1. Earth’s Layers &Rocks & Minerals By: Brianna Shields January 27, 2005

  2. DO NOW • 1. Name one “force” that is absent in the middle of outer space. • 2. Name the “force” that causes the objects in space to move forward in a straight line. • 3. Why do meteors burn as they approach earth’s surface?

  3. GOAL • To draw and label the layers of the Earth • To learn how to identify different rocks and minerals by describing their characteristics

  4. Lithosphere Solid, rock, minerals and soil layer of the Earth The “Spheres” or Layers

  5. Hydrosphere Liquid part of the earth’s surface Oceans, rivers, lakes The “Spheres” or Layers

  6. Atmosphere Layers of gas that surround the earth The “Spheres” or Layers

  7. What is it like inside the Earth? • What layers are there?

  8. Earth’s inner layers 1. Crust- loose rock on surface The lithosphere

  9. Earth’s inner layers 2. Mantle- flexible, dense, molten rock The lithosphere

  10. Inner and Outer Core

  11. Earth’s inner layers 3. Outer core- liquid metal, magnetic The lithosphere

  12. Earth’s inner layers 4. Inner core- solid metal High pressure due to gravity Liquid particles squeezed Extreme heat The lithosphere

  13. Earth’s inner layers Why are the layers in this order? Ordered: Most dense (core) on bottom, to least dense (crust) floating on top The lithosphere

  14. Earth’s atmosphere Made up of 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen .03% Carbon dioxide .01% Hydrogen The atmosphere

  15. Earth’s atmosphere Layers (outer to inner) A. Exosphere B. Thermosphere/Ionosphere C. Mesosphere The atmosphere

  16. Earth’s atmosphere Layers (outer to inner) D. Stratosphere- ozone here blocks UV radiation that causes skin cancer The atmosphere

  17. Earth’s atmosphere Layers (outer to inner) E. Troposphere- weather occurs The atmosphere

  18. Earth’s atmosphere Trends: farther from earth- Atm pressure decreases Temp. decreases The atmosphere

  19. Earth’s atmosphere Problems: Greenhouse effect Ozone depletion The atmosphere

  20. Problems with Earth’s atmosphere A. Greenhouse Effext Excess pollution (carbon dioxide) from burning fossil fuels forms blanket around Earth Allows sunlight through, but traps heat Causes global warming The atmosphere

  21. Problems with Earth’s atmosphere B. Ozone depletion CFC’s used in refrigerants and aerosol cans break down this layer Allows harmful uv rays to reach Earth The atmosphere

  22. Rock Hard substance made of one or more minerals The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  23. Mineral Occurs in nature Solid Definite chemical structure Crystal shape The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  24. Color DEF: observed coloration DETERMINED BY: Look at mineral Not always reliable The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  25. Luster DEF: way it reflects light off its surface DETERMINED BY: Observe mineral Metallic or nonmetallic The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  26. Hardness DEF: ability to resist being scratched DETERMINED BY: Rub against other minerals on hardness scale Rub on glass, steel nail or penny The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  27. MOH’s HARDNESS SCALE

  28. Streak DEF: color of powder scraped off DETERMINED BY: Rub on a porcelain tile The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  29. Density Click here for Density Simulator DEF: number of particles in a space DETERMINED BY: Mass / volume Never changes for a mineral The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  30. Crystal Shape DEF: shape of atoms in mineral when formed DETERMINED BY: Look at small bits of mineral The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  31. Crystal Shapes

  32. Cleavage or Fracture DEF: how mineral breaks (layers, jagged, smooth) DETERMINED BY: Break mineral (hammer or hands) The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  33. Other mineral properties Magnetic Magnetite The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  34. Other mineral properties Glows under UV light Fluorite, Calcite The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  35. Other mineral properties Tastes salty Halite The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  36. Other mineral properties Smells like rotten eggs Sulfur The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  37. Other mineral properties Fizzes in acid Calcite The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  38. Other mineral properties Radioactive Uraninite The lithosphere: Rocks vs. Minerals

  39. Name the atmospheric layers from outer to inner Assessment

  40. Explain the significance of the atmospheric layers Assessment

  41. Compare the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere Assessment

  42. Describe the inside of the Earth Assessment

  43. Compare and contrast the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion Assessment

  44. Explain how you would go about identifying a mineral- what tests would you perform? Assessment

  45. Compare and contrast luster, streak and cleavage Assessment

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