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Mutations

Mutations. Biology CP. Mutations. Usually are repaired by body enzymes. If not repaired the “mutant cell” can be good or bad. Body cell mutation. Affects daughter cells but not passed on from there Can contribute to aging or many types of cancer. Gamete mutation.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations Biology CP

  2. Mutations • Usually are repaired by body enzymes. • If not repaired the “mutant cell” can be good or bad

  3. Body cell mutation • Affects daughter cells but not passed on from there • Can contribute to aging or many types of cancer

  4. Gamete mutation • May be passed to offspring • Can result in genetic disorders

  5. Types of Mutations – make a chart • Gene mutation - affects a single gene • Chromosome mutation - affects a group of genes or entire chromosome

  6. Mutations can occur... • from malfunction during meiosis (cell division of sex cells) • or from exposure to a “mutagen” (chemical or physical agent)

  7. 1. Deletion – of chromosome piece • A piece breaks off

  8. 2. Translocation – of chromosome pieces • Two chromosomes near each other “swap” pieces.

  9. 3. Inversion – of chromosome piece • Piece breaks off, flips backward, reattaches

  10. 4. Point mutation – of ONLYONE base • Substitute a different base • Add (insertion) an extra base • Remove (deletion) a base • Can result in wrong amino acid being added

  11. 5. Frameshiftmutation • Removal of one or morenucleotides – changes how a protein is made. • Also results from insertion of extra nucleotide • “Shifts” bases to left or right.

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