Racial and Ethnic Minorities Chapter 10

1. Racial and Ethnic Minorities Chapter 10

2. The Concept of Race Race Acategory of people who are defined as similar because of a number of physical characteristics.

3. Throughout history, races have been defined along Genetic Legal Social lines Presenting its own set of problems. Can you identify any problems associate with these?

4. Genetic Definitions Define race by noting differences in gene frequencies among selected groups.

5. Legal Definitions Most legal definitions of race were devices to prevent blacks from attending white schools, serving on juries, holding certain jobs, or patronizing certain public places.

6. Social Definitions The social definition of race, which is the decisive one in most interactions, pays little attention to an individual’s hereditary physical features or to whether his or her percentage of "Negro blood" is one-fourth, one-eighth, or one-sixteenth.

7. Social definitions of race implies that if a person presents himself or herself as a member of a certain race and others respond to that person as a member of that race, then it makes little sense to say that he or she is not a member of that race.

8. People were able to declare themselves as members of any one or more of five racial categories: American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, African American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or white. Those listing themselves as white and a member of a minority were counted as a minority. (

9. Multiracial Ancestry Children who are born to parents of multiple races-representing more than one race. Ancestors comes from more than one race Example American Indian/Alaska Native

10. Interracial Marriage • Marriage between two people of differing racial groups. • Example: • Black and White

11. The Concept of Ethnic Group Ethnic group As a distinct cultural tradition that its own members identify with and that may or may not be recognized by others.

12. An ethnic group may or may not have its own separate political unit May have had one in the past May aspire to have one in the future, Its members may be scattered throughout existing countries.

13. The Concept of Minority Minority A group of people who, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from others in society for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

14. Problems in Race and Ethnic Relations Prejudice , prejudice means a “prejudgment” or “an attitude with an emotional For our purposes we will define prejudice as an irrationally based negative, or occasionally positive, attitude toward certain groups and their members.

15. What do you think is the root to prejudice?

16. Some of the uses to which prejudice is put and the social functions it serves: First, a prejudice, simply because it is shared, helps draw together those who hold it. Second, when two or more groups are competing for access to scarce resources it makes it easier on the conscience if one can write off his or her competitors as somehow less than human or inherently unworthy. Third, psychologists suggest that prejudice allows us to project onto others those parts of ourselves that we do not like and therefore try to avoid facing.

17. Discrimination Prejudice is a subjective feeling, whereas discrimination is an overt action. Discrimination refers to differential treatment, usually unequal and injurious, accorded to individuals who are assumed to belong to a particular category or group.

18. Unprejudiced Nondiscriminators People are neither prejudiced against the members of other racial and ethnic groups, nor do they practice discrimination.

19. Unprejudiced Discriminators Includes those who constantly think of expediency.

20. Prejudiced Nondiscriminators For the timid bigots who do not accept the ideal of equality for all but conform to it and give it lip service when the slightest pressure is applied.

21. Prejudiced Discriminators The bigots, pure and unashamed.

22. Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination Refer to complex societal arrangements that restrict the life chances and choices of a specifically defined group in comparison with those of the dominant group.

23. Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Relations Assimilation Is the process whereby groups with different cultures come to have a common culture. Refersto the fusion of cultural heritages.

24. Assimilation is: Integration of new elements with old ones. The transferring of culture from one group to another is a highly complex process, often involving the rejection of ancient ideologies, habits, customs, attitudes, and language. It also includes the elusive problem of selection.

25. Anglo conformity The renunciation of the ancestral cultures in favor of Anglo-American behavior and values

26. Pluralism The development and coexistence of separate racial and ethnic group identities within a society Is a philosophical viewpoint that attempts to produce what is considered to be a desirable social situation.

27. The Theory of pluralism Celebrates the differences among groups of people. Implies a hostility to existing inequalities in the status and treatment of minority groups. Provided a means for minorities to resist the pull of assimilation by allowing them to claim that they constitute the very structure of the social order. Assumes that the minority is a primary unit of society and that the unity of the whole depends on the harmony of the various parts.

28. Subjugation The subordination of one group and the assumption of a position of authority, power, and domination by the other.

29. Segregation Segregation, a form of subjugation, refers to the act, process, or state of being set apart. Places limits and restrictions on the contact, communication, and social relations among groups.

30. Expulsion The process of forcing a group to leave the territory in which it lives. Can be accomplished through forced migration. The relocation of a group through direct action

31. Annihilation The deliberate extermination of a racial or ethnic group.

32. Racial and Ethnic Immigration to the United States Immigration of white ethnics to the United States can be viewed from the perspective of old migration and new migration. The old migration consisted of people from northern Europe who came before the 1880s. The new migration was much larger in numbers and consisted of people from southern and eastern Europe who came between 1880 and 1920.

33. Illegal Immigration The U.S. Census estimated that in 2008, there were about 11.6 million undocumented immigrants lived in the United States. Of that total, 7 million are from Mexico. The illegal immigrant population increased 3.1 million or 37 percent between 2000 and 2008

34. America’s Ethnic Composition Today Race and Ethnicity of United States Children

35. States With Large Hispanic Populations