Life Span

1. Life Span Introduction Chapter 1&4

2. Life Expectancy • “The average number of years a person is expected to live”

3. What is the life expectancy in the US as of 2011? • 68.3 • 71.5 • 78.4 • 81.7 • 89.7

4. Life expectancy

5. Why? • Why is life expectancy going up? • Why is the US not number 1?

6. Antibiotics • When was penicillin first available as a prescription drug? • 1782 • 1824 • 1868 • 1927 • 1942

7. Healthy Lifestyle • Treatment should be based on the belief that nature has a strong healing component Hippocrates

8. Bacteriology • Louis Pasteur

9. Bacteriology • Louis Pasteur • Robert Koch

10. Bacteriology • Louis Pasteur • Robert Kock • Joseph Lister

11. What was the first vaccine available? • Small pox • Pertussis • Diphtheria • Tetanus • Polio

12. What was the first vaccine available? • Small pox (1796) • Pertussis (1904) • Diphtheria (1926) • Tetanus (1938) • Polio (1955) 1948 = DPT

13. Measles (1963) • Mumps (1967) • Rubella (1969) • MMR (1971) • Hepatitis B (1981) • Hib (1985) • Chickenpox (1996)

14. What happened to the small pox vaccine? • D/C 1971 • eradicated

15. Health “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

16. Holistic

17. Health Promotion • “Health care directed toward the goal of increasing one’s optimal level of wellness.”

18. Empowerment • “A form of self-responsibility that encourages people to take charge of their own decision making”

19. Disease prevention • Primary • Before there is any disease • Secondary • Begins with diagnosis • Tertiary • Begins when a permanent disability occurs and is stabilized • Rehabilitation • Restoring the person to an optimal level of functioning

20. Healthy Lifestyle • Nutrition • Exercise • Mental health

21. Mental Health • Adjust to new situations • Handles personal problems • Contributes to society • See themselves and others realistically • Fluctuates • Continuity • Consistency

22. Stress • “Anything that upsets our psychological or physiological equilibrium”

23. Responses to stress • Physiological • Emotional • Intellectual

24. Emotions • “feeling state” • Autonomic System • Limbic System

25. Emotional Maturity • When individuals are able to control their responses and can express their emotions in socially appropriate ways.

26. 3 Stages of Stress • Alarm stage • State of resistance • State of exhaustion

27. Anxiety • “Response to a stressful situation”

28. Levels of Anxiety • Mild • Moderate • Severe • Panic

29. Stress  Health • SRRS

30. Stress Reduction Techniques • Relaxation Exercise • Guided imagery

31. Chapter 4: Communication • “An interaction between tow of more persons – an exchange of information, ideas, feelings or emotions.”

32. Communication Process • Message • Sender • Method • Receiver • Feedback

33. Types of communication • Verbal • Non-verbal

34. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Physical Appearance and dress

35. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Body movement and posture • Open • Closed

36. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Facial expressions

37. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Gestures

38. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Eye contact

39. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Tone and volume of voice

40. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Touch

41. Modes of Non-verbal Communication • Silence

42. Personality Types • Passive or Unassertive • Allowing your own rights to be violated by failing to express honest feelings • Goal: Avoid conflict no matter what • Little risk involved – very safe • Little eye contact, often defers to others opinions, usually quiet tone,

43. Examples of Passive communication • “I don’t know.” • “Whatever you think.” • “you have more experience than I. You decide” • “I’ll go with whatever the group decides.” • “I don’t care. It doesn’t matter to me.”

44. Personality Types • Aggressive • Protecting ones own rights at the expense of other’s rights – no exceptions • Goal: win at all costs • Does not consider actions a risk because this person thinks they will always get their way. • Eye contact is angry and intimidating; lots of energy; loud and belittling, never defers to others.

45. Examples of Aggressive communication • “I don’t know why you can’t see that this is the right way to do it” • “It’s going to be my way or not at all.” • “You’re just stupid if you think that will work.” • “That kid of logic will sink the company.” • “Who cares what you feel. We’re talking about making things work here.”

46. Personality Types • Passive - Aggressive • Forfeiting your own rights initially, followed by manipulation and vengeance later. • Goal: avoid conflict and then make the other party wish they had seen it your way • Avoid risk initially, risks relationships later, then acts surprised when people are mad • Behaves passively to people’s face, then aggressively when they are not around.

47. Examples of Passive-Aggressive communication • “Sure doctor, I’d be happy to write that verbal order” but back on the unit the order is “forgotten” • “I love your hair. Most people probably can’t even tell it’s a wig” • “I hear what you’re saying, and I wouldn’t want to make waves, so I’ll do what you say even though someone will probably get sued.”

48. Personality Types • Assertive • Protecting your own rights without violating the rights of others • Goal: communicate with respect and find a solution to the problem • Eye contact maintained, listens and validates others, confident and strong yet also flexible, objective and unemotional, presents wishes clearly and respectfully

49. Examples of assertive Communication • “So what you’re saying is…” • I can see that this is important to you and it is also important to me. Perhaps we can talk and try to solve the problem • “I think… I feel… I believe that…” • “I would appreciate it is you…”

50. Assertiveness Skills • Persistence • Objectivity • Validation • Owning • Challenging False Information • Pumping the negatives • Humor