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087. Chapter 8 frontispiece. Melting ice at the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet. E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Photo by M. Rosing, University of Copenhagen. 088. Figure 8.1. Sea ice.
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087 Chapter 8 frontispiece. Melting ice at the edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Photo by M. Rosing, University of Copenhagen
088 Figure 8.1. Sea ice E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Photograph by Rear Admiral H.D. Nygren, NOAA
089 Figure 8.2. The contrasting patterns in ocean surface currents and ice flow during the (a) 1979 anti-cyclonic and (b) 1994 cyclonic regimes in the Arctic Ocean E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Rigor et al., 2002
090 Figure 8.3. The shrinking extent of old, thick sea ice in the Arctic, September 1988-September 2005 E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Richter-Menge et al., 2006
091 Figure 8.4. The distribution of permafrost in the Russian Arctic E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Zhang et al., 2005
092 Figure 8.5. The English Channel and surrounding region and the maximum extent of ice about 21,000 years ago at the most recent glacial maximum E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Ménot et al., 2006
093 Figure 8.6. The increase in the number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland, 1993-2005 E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Ekström et al., 2006
094 Figure 8.7. The steady retreat of the Jakobshavn (Ilulissat) glacier, Greenland E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: NASA
095 Figure 8.8. Antarctica and its major ice shelves E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: USGS
096 Figure 8.9. The breakup of the Larsen B ice shelf, Antarctica, February and March 2002 E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team
097 Figure 8.10. Fossil brain coral from Windley Key, Florida E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Photograph by D. Muhs, USGS