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Lecture 3: Birth and the Newborn Child

Lecture 3: Birth and the Newborn Child. DEP 2004 & 2004H Human Development Across the Lifespan Erica Jordan, Ph.D., University of West Florida Adapted from Kail & Cavanaugh’s Human Development: A Life-Span View and Arnett’s Human Development: A Cultural Approach. Guiding Questions.

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Lecture 3: Birth and the Newborn Child

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  1. Lecture 3:Birth and the Newborn Child DEP 2004 & 2004H Human Development Across the Lifespan Erica Jordan, Ph.D., University of West Florida Adapted from Kail & Cavanaugh’s Human Development: A Life-Span View and Arnett’s Human Development: A Cultural Approach

  2. Guiding Questions • What abilities and characteristics does the healthy newborn possess? • What are helpful tips for caring for newborns?

  3. The Newborn’s Reflexes • Pave the way to get the nutrition newborn needs to grow • Protection from danger • Foundation for larger, voluntary patterns of motor activity • Assess whether newborn’s nervous system is working properly

  4. Assessing the Newborn • Apgar score - quick assessment of newborn’s status at 1 min. and at 5 min. • 7 or 8 – 10: healthy • 4-6: needs special attention and care • 3 or less: life-threatening situation

  5. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) • Used with newborns up to 2 months of age • Evaluates functioning of four systems: • Autonomic: ability to control body functions (breathing, temperature regulation) • Motor: ability to control body movements and activity level • State: ability to maintain a state (e.g., alert) • Social: ability to interact with people

  6. Newborn’s States(Classification may vary) • Alert inactivity: baby is calm with eyes open and attentive; seem to be deliberately inspecting environment • Waking activity: eye’s are open but seem unfocused while arms/legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motion

  7. Crying: baby cries vigorously; accompanied by agitated uncoordinated movement • Sleeping: baby alternates from being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly; eyes are closed

  8. Tips for Soothing Crying

  9. Sleeping • Newborns sleep 16-18 hours/day • Irregular or rapid-eye-movement (REM): irregular sleep where infant’s eyes dart rapidly beneath eyelids, body is quite active • Regular (non-REM) sleep: heart rate, breathing, and brain activity are steady

  10. Tips for Dealing with Infant Sleep Patterns

  11. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) • When a healthy baby dies suddenly for no apparent reason • 2-4 month-old infants particularly vulnerable • Suggestions: keep away from smoke (second hand and third hand), have them sleep on their back, do not overdress or wrap too tightly

  12. Growth of the Body • Most rapid in infancy so nutrition extremely important • Breast-feeding ensures they get the nourishment they need. Some benefits of strong milk breast-feeding… • Increased immunity for infants and fewer allergies • Potentially linked to some health benefits for mothers • Cost-effective • Potentially linked to less obesity in later childhood • Malnutrition - being small for one’s age because of inadequate nutrition

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