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North and South – Ch 13

North and South – Ch 13. 1820 – 1860 (Reminder – 1800 Industrial Rev began in U.S.). North. South. Tariffs: Support – encourage Americans to buy Amer goods Nat’l Bank: Support – encouraged trade/manufacturing (capital for businesses).

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North and South – Ch 13

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  1. North and South – Ch 13 1820 – 1860 (Reminder – 1800 Industrial Rev began in U.S.)

  2. North South • Tariffs: Support – encourage Americans to buy Amer goods • Nat’l Bank: Support – encouraged trade/manufacturing (capital for businesses) • Tariffs: Oppose – trade cotton with Europe and makes goods more expensive • Nat’l Bank: Oppose – prefer state banks.

  3. North South Economy & Technology - Manufacturing/shipping Economy - Long hrs (11 hr days) - Horrible working conditions (no a/c) - Dangerous machinery/many on-job accidents - Water power/steam engines - Unions– organization created by & for workers to improve working conditions Economy & Technology - Agricultural economy – King cotton & slavery - cotton gin – removed seed from cotton - huge increase in amount of cotton processed - need more slaves to process more cotton - North & GB screaming for more cotton to use in factories

  4. North South Transportation: roads/rr/canals developed quickly out of need to tranport goods Communication: telegraph created (type a message) Housing: Urban/cities develop • Slums (no sewage/disease) • Libararies/shopping Transportation: South appears underdeveloped - poor roads, few canals, few rr. - Natural waterways – chief transportation Communication: nothing new Housing: nothing new

  5. Strict Social Class System in South Plantation Owner - only 13% of pop./owned 5 or few slaves/owned large farms Yeomen - largest group/owned small farms/no slaves Tenant farmers - did not own land/worked land for large farm (renters) Rural Poor - subsistence farming – deep in coutryside. Often squatters.

  6. Discrimination North South Slavery had largely disappeared in North by 1820- but discrim. still existed a. Women – low wages/boarding houses b. Child labor c. Immigrant workers Slave Codes = southern laws. (Meant to prevent slave rebellions) a. cannot assemble in large groups b. must have pass to leave master’s property c. crime to teach slaves to read & write

  7. South • Nat Turner – organized slave rebellion. Hung • Underground Railroad – a network of safe-houses owned by free blacks/whites to assist in escaping slavery. • Harriet Tubman (born slave, escaped) referred to as conductor of underground railroad. • Some free African Americans in large cities (created their own communities). • 1859 Arkansas – ordered all free African Americans out of the state

  8. Discrimination against Immigrant workers – in North Irish Germans – largest group of immigrants - Moved to US because of potato famine (extreme shortage of food – 1 mil. died) - very poor, worked in factories for low wages/servants • 2nd largest group of immigrants • moved to US due to failure of democracy & opportunity - enough money to buy farms & businesses.

  9. Nativists = Americans who thought they were real (“native”) Americans. Nativists fear immigrants will: • Take American jobs (lower wages) • Bring diseases • Different cultures/religions BEFORE 1830/40’s – most immigrants were protestants (from GB) or slaves (from Africa) After 1840’s – Most immigrants Irish (Catholic), some German (Catholic) Immigrants brought new languages, customs, and religions to US.

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