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Nurses’ Health Study (n=121,700)

Nurses’ Health Study (n=121,700). 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2010. Diet. Nails. Diet. Diet. Diet Blood. Diet. Diet. Ocs Smoking Weight/Ht Med. Hist. Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n=52,000).

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Nurses’ Health Study (n=121,700)

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  1. Nurses’ Health Study (n=121,700) 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2010 Diet Nails Diet Diet Diet Blood Diet Diet Ocs Smoking Weight/Ht Med. Hist. Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n=52,000) 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2010 Diet Nails Diet Diet Blood Diet Nurses’ Health Study II (n=116,000) 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Diet Diet Blood Diet Investigators:Frank Hu,Frank Speizer, Bernie Rosner, Meir Stampfer, Graham Colditz, David Hunter, JoAnn Manson, Sue Hankinson, Eric Rimm, Edward Giovannucci, Alberto Ascherio, Gary Curhan, Charlie Fuchs, Fran Grodstein, Michelle Holmes, Donna Spiegelman 0.198a

  2. Regular Soft Drinks and Type 2 Diabetes, NHS2 (Schulze et al. 2004 JAMA) 25.080

  3. 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 Trans % Change in CHD Sat 1%E 2%E 3%E 4%E 5%E Mono Poly Type of Dietary Fat and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease The Nurses' Health Study 14-Year Follow-up Hu FB, et al. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1491-9 9.131

  4. Percentage of Type 2 Diabetes Potentially Preventable by Simultaneous Reduction of Five Modifiable Risk Factors (NHS) (Hu et al.) Low Risk 1. Nonsmoking 2. BMI < 25 3. Moderate to vigorous exercise 4. Diet score in upper 40% (low trans fat, high cereal fiber, low glycemic load, high P:S ratio) 5. Alcohol 5+ grams/day Percent in low risk group: 4.1% Population attributable risk (PAR): 92% (82-96) 25.026R

  5. 29.446

  6. 29.443

  7. MACROSYSTEM (Society) Factors Influencing Individual Behavior Media & Entertainment (Print, TV, Web, Mobile) Architectural Policy (Zoning) PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (Community Settings) Media Role Models Parks & Playgrounds Malls SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Agricultural & Economic Policies Fast Food Advertising Worksites INDIVIDUAL Schools Recreation Policy Coworkers Friends Culture • Psychosocial • Lifestyle • Biologic Restaurants Exercise Facilities Health Clinics Educational Policy Social Norms Family Grocery Stores Sidewalks Food & Beverage Industry Transportation Policy Convenience Stores Bike Paths Vending Machines Health Care Policy Food Production& Distribution Food Access & Availability Adapted by L Cheung 29.213a

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