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Sociology -- the scientific study of human social relationships

Sociology -- the scientific study of human social relationships. WHAT IS SOCIAL?. Social -- interaction between two or more people. Asocial -- not social, not interacting with others. Either by choice … … or by being left out. KEEP OUT.

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Sociology -- the scientific study of human social relationships

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  1. Sociology -- the scientific study of human social relationships

  2. WHAT IS SOCIAL?

  3. Social -- interaction between two or more people

  4. Asocial -- not social, not interacting with others Either by choice … … or by being left out

  5. KEEP OUT Anti-social -- negative interaction or avoidance of interaction

  6. Pseudo-social -- appears to be social, but isn’t

  7. Early Sociologists A Brief Review

  8. Theorists of Sociology Comte Durkheim Marx Spencer Weber

  9. Auguste Comte • Considered the founder of Sociology • Coined the term “sociology”

  10. Comte coined term “Sociology” • Socious- companion (Latin) • Logos- study of (Greek)

  11. Theorists of Sociology Auguste Comte- • French Philosopher, interested in finding solutions to the chaos of the French Revolution

  12. Comte believed that sociologists should be concerned with two main concepts: Order & Change

  13. Comte • Social Statics • constants • non-changing principles • life and death • man v. nature

  14. Comte Social Dynamics • change • attitudes and acceptable behaviors

  15. Auguste Comte • Practiced “cerebral hygiene”

  16. Comte • Positivism- all science should be value free and objective

  17. Karl Marx • Not really a sociologist, but a social philosopher

  18. Karl Marx • Believed that class conflict led to social change • Influenced the modern conflict theory

  19. Theorists of Sociology Karl Marx (1818-1883) not a sociologist but had a profound affect on sociology (and history)

  20. Marx- Economic Determinism • importance of economics in everyday life and in history

  21. Marx- Concerned with class conflict • Worker v. Capitalist

  22. Marx • Felt that any historical change would involve conflict between the workers and capitalists

  23. Organic Totalitity Marx- • society similar to a human body- each part performs a function • many parts make up the whole

  24. Herbert Spencer • Was strongly influenced by Charles Darwin • Believed no steps should be taken to correct society’s problems

  25. Herbert Spencer • Coined the phrase “Survival of the Fittest” • His theory is called “Social Darwinism”

  26. Herbert Spencer • Society is made up of interdependent parts

  27. Emile Durkheim • First sociologist to systematically apply the scientific method to the study of society

  28. Emile Durkheim • Greatly influenced the modern Functionalist theory

  29. Emile Durkheim- • Thought only the overt should be studied • Not- thoughts, feelings or emotions • Believed that everything has numerous functions

  30. Emile Durkheim- functions • Manifest Function- the intended or primary purpose of an object • transportation • Latent Function- the unintended purpose of an object • status symbol

  31. Max Weber • Studied the effects of society on the individual • Influenced the modern Inter-actionist theory

  32. Max Weber • Verstehen -- essentially seeing a situation through someone else’s eyes

  33. Max Weber- • Interested in groups within society, not just society as a whole

  34. Max Weber- Verstehen • understanding the meaning others attach to their actions

  35. … And now for something new ...

  36. Sociological Imagination

  37. H i s t r y C. Wright Mills No social study is complete until it deals with the “intersection” of History and Biography Biography

  38. This “intersection” is the connection between the larger world (history) ... … and our personal lives (biography)

  39. Sociological Imagination … can therefore be defined as the ability to perceive the connection between your per-sonal life and the larger world around you.

  40. Sociological Imagination Mills said that the researcher must follow three lines of questioning to utilize sociological imagination:

  41. What is the structure of the society as a whole? • What are its essential components? • How are they interrelated? • How does this society differ from others?

  42. Where does this society stand in human history? • How is it changing? • How is it affected by the historical period in which it exists?

  43. What varieties of people prevail in this society? • What are the men and women in this society like? • Who are the “winners” and how are these people selected or formed in this society?

  44. Q. Which theorist developed the idea of “Social Darwinism”? Theorist Evaluation

  45. Q. Which theorist developed the idea of “Social Darwinism”? A. Herbert Spencer Theorist Evaluation

  46. Q. Who coined the term “sociology”? Theorist Evaluation

  47. Q. Who coined the term “sociology”? A. Auguste Comte Theorist Evaluation

  48. Q. Which theorist emphasized class conflict? Theorist Evaluation

  49. Q. Which theorist emphasized class conflict? A. Karl Marx Theorist Evaluation

  50. Q. Which theorist is responsible for the idea of verstehen? Theorist Evaluation

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