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Chapter Seventeen. Renaissance Artists. “The eye , which is called the window of the soul, is the chief means whereby the understanding may most fully and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature.” Leonardo da Vinci. Early Renaissance (1400-1490)
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Chapter Seventeen Renaissance Artists
“The eye, which is called the window of the soul, is the chief means whereby the understanding may most fully and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature.” • Leonardo da Vinci
Early Renaissance (1400-1490) Florence: the Medici • High Renaissance (1490-1530) Rome: the Pope
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Early Renaissance • 1. patronage • 2. the artist as hero and genius • 3. the revival of the classical nude
Perspective • Filippo Brunelleschi developed the laws of perspective. • Masaccio was among the first to use Brunelleschi's rules to achieve the illusion of perspective in his paintings. • Leon Battista Alberti theorized the method in the bookOn Painting
Definition • Perspective in art is a method of graphically depicting three-dimensional objects and spatial relationships in two-dimensional planes. • The illusion of depth in a painting, drawing, or graphic is created using the perspective method. • Perspective is based on elementary laws of optics: objects in the distance appear smaller and less distinct than objects that are near.
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Masaccio, Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist, and Donors, ca. 1426-1427.
Basic principles of linear perspective. http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/d5c59e51fe4d99d1ac9e.jpg
Aerial or atmospheric interference with visual perception causes loss of contrast, detail and sharp focus. The effect, which Leonardo called "the perspective of disappearance," tends to make objects seem to take on a blue-gray middle value as they increase in distance. This effect is used by film makers to give the illusion of great depth, but can be used to great effect by painters and draughtsmen. The illustration above shows loss of color saturation, contrast, and detail as the cubes fall further away from the viewer. • http://www2.evansville.edu/studiochalkboard/ap-aerial.html
Masaccio, The Tribute of Money, ca. 1425. http://www.wga.hu/art/m/masaccio/brancacc/tribute/tribute.jpg
Chiaroscuro • The arrangement or treatment of the light and dark parts in a pictorial work of art
Intarsia • Mosaics made of pieces of inlaid wood
Ghiberti, Baptistery of San Giovanni, FlorenceSolomon and the Queen of Sheba: Relief from the Doors of Paradise, 1425–52 http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/italy/florence/ghibertiparadise/0118solomon.jpg
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Leonardo da Vinci
More haze Some haze The Virgin of the Rocks A feeling of distance
Mona Lisa (La Gioconda)
The Venetian School • Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430-1516) • Giorgione (c. 1478-1510) • Titian (c. 1490-1576)
The Venetian School • Characteristics • Their art reflected the luxurious life of Venice. • Their aim was to appeal to the senses, not the mind.
masterful blends colors Titian, Venus of Urbino
Raphael composition: • Clarity • Harmony • Unity of design
Raphael, Alba Madonna Circle triangle Trapezoid
Painted between 1508 to 1512 • Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis • Seven Old Testament prophets • Five sibyls, as well as four corners and eight triangular areas also containing scenes.
Creation of Adam • God and Man • Equal in size and muscular grace • The moment of fulfillment sought by Adam • Potential divinity of humankind
Nude vs. Naked • “A naked body has to be seen as an object in order to become a nude.” • “Nakedness reveals itself. Nudity is placed on display.” • (John Berger, Ways of Seeing, 1972)
In the average European oil painting of the nude the principal protagonist is never painted. He is the spectator in front of the picture and he is presumed to be a man. Everything is addressed to him. Everything must appear to be the result of his being there. It is for him that the figures have assumed their nudity. But he, by definition, is a stranger—with his clothes still on. • (John Berger, Ways of Seeing, 1972)