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A Historical Perspective of Strategy. Derivation from the Greek work “strategos”. 1. Military Axioms on Effective Strategy. Have clear, decisive objectives. Maintain the initiative. Concentrate resources. Be flexible. Have coordinated and committed leadership. Achieve surprise.
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A Historical Perspective of Strategy • Derivation from the Greek work “strategos”. 1
Military Axioms on Effective Strategy • Have clear, decisive objectives. • Maintain the initiative. • Concentrate resources. • Be flexible. • Have coordinated and committed leadership. • Achieve surprise. • Have an element of security. 13
A Historical Perspective of Strategy • Derivation from the Greek work “strategos”. • Switch/Split in meaning after the industrial revolution. • definitions stemming from game theory. 2
A Historical Perspective of Strategy • Derivation from the Greek work “strategos”. • Switch/Split in meaning after the industrial revolution. • definitions stemming from game theory.
Some Useful Definitions of Strategy • Strategy as the determinant of the long-term goals of the enterprise. - Chandler • Strategy as the pattern of objectives, purposes, or goals and plans for achieving these goals. - Andrews • Strategy as the common thread among a firm’s activities. - Ansoff 2
Some Useful Definitions of Strategy • Strategy as the determinant of the long-term goals of the enterprise. - Chandler • Strategy as the pattern of objectives, purposes, or goals and plans for achieving these goals. - • Strategy as the common thread among a firm’s activities. - Ansoff
Mintzberg’s Definition • Strategy is a pattern in a stream of actions over time. 3
Mintzberg’s Definition • Strategy is a pattern in a stream of actions over time.
Different Kinds of Strategy Intended Strategy 3
Different Kinds of Strategy Deliberate Intended Strategy Unrealized Strategy
Different Kinds of Strategy Deliberate Intended Strategy Emergent Strategy Unrealized Strategy
Different Kinds of Strategy Deliberate Realized Strategy Intended Strategy Emergent Strategy Unrealized Strategy
Dimensions of Strategy • Strategies contain goals, policies, and action sequences. • Strategies develop around a few key concepts. • Strategies deal with the unpredictable and the unknowable. • Strategies require hierarchies of mutual support strategies. 12
The Five P’s Plan 14
The Five P’s Ploy Plan
The Five P’s Ploy Plan Pattern
The Five P’s Ploy Plan Pattern Position
The Five P’s Ploy Plan Perspective Pattern Position