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Saki Yoshida Mio Imada Suhyun Kim

Saki Yoshida Mio Imada Suhyun Kim. Health . Mio Imada. “Health”. A state of complete physical , mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.  People-centered, interdisciplinary, universal and focused on early prevention .

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Saki Yoshida Mio Imada Suhyun Kim

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  1. Saki Yoshida Mio Imada Suhyun Kim

  2. Health Mio Imada

  3. “Health” A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.  People-centered, interdisciplinary, universal and focused on early prevention

  4. Haiti: Cholera & HIV/AIDS • 2010 earthquake (M7.0) • 316,000 dead, 2million homeless • Years of misrule & violence • HS concerns related to shelter & health remain prominent • 519,000 Haitians are still living in tents in displacement camps, and more than half a million cholera cases have been reported

  5. Women after the Disaster • In camps, women suffered: lack of access to family planning + sexual violence • BUT Int’l actors providing ‘basic needs’ =missed specific vulnerabilities of women. • Rather… more directly working with locals  provide valuable knowledge & resources for handling the situation.

  6. Chronic Disease • Diabetes, HIV/AIDS • They generally cannot be prevented with vaccination or cured with medication and most are common in older age. • Requires a long-term care

  7. Chronic Disease + Disaster • May worsen the pre-existing symptom • Cause new stress • Unsustainable • High blood pressure, HIV/AIDS  hard to perform surgery • Often neglected • Lack of int’l guidelines • Middle-income countries: China, India, Philippines  prone to disaster

  8. Japan • On 11 March 2011 a massive earthquake and tsunami struck the To-hoku region of Japan, leaving 15,880 people dead and another 2,694 missing.

  9. Mental Health • Disaster  drastic changes in life: social environment • Often forgotten: people who suffered permanent injuries or disabilities as a result of the disaster. • Dementia（認知症）cases among the elderly are known to increase • Many survivors suffer from trauma and survivor guilt. • Following the 1995 Kobe earthquake: reflected in the ‘dying alone’ problem. • ‘Fukushima Fifty’

  10. Gender Issues: for Men • Men’s identities as ‘protectors’  dangerous • Social expectations: men being ‘brave’ • further exposing them to risk. • ‘Fukushima Fifty’ ;days after the accident, remaining workers were evacuated except the skeleton crew who remained. Composed solely of men; all women had been ordered to leave the plant.  now suffering from excessively high rates of mental trauma and post-traumatic stress syndrome  Forced to conceal the amount of radiation

  11. Conclusion: Health Haiti: Aid withdrew + Sexual Violation + Cholera Japan ①: Chronic Diseases (elderly) + Huge Stress Japan ②: Trauma + Chronic Diseases + Mental Stress Not enough prevention method taken.

  12. Saki Yoshida 1M130657-1

  13. Community • survival of traditional cultures and ethnic groups as well • as the physical security of these groups • Political • enjoyment of civil and political rights, and freedom from • oppression).

  14. Human Security -Community- • ‘Strengthen the protection and empowerment of individuals and their communities’(UNSG, 2012) • Freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom to live in dignity (UNSG, 2012) • Dignity, safety and security • make their own choices with regard to livelihood to be in control of their own livelihood in order to have security in their lives (UNDP, 1994)

  15. the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake (1995/01/17) 220,000 displaced residents lived temporary housing

  16. Neglected cases • Basically lower income or working class residents lost their houses • After disaster, housing are not affordable for people lived before • Locations were far from services and communities they lived before • Vulnerable people gathered • Lack of social services • No connections or interactions → 1,000 cases of Solitary death • No choices in housing menu • No money aid to rebuild housing privately • Processes to build housing took too much time

  17. Improvable points • Location • Lottery system • Regular visits • Variations of housing • Modifications to Disaster Victim’s Support Act

  18. Hurricane Katrina (2005/8) 134,000 houses suffered damage, 1500 perished in Louisiana

  19. Neglected cases • No evacuation plan and no urgent effort to rescue for the poor (Black) in New Orleans • The height above sea level is very low • Many cases of violent problems • Discrimination against internally displaced people (IDPs)

  20. The Great East Japan Earthquake (2011/3/11) 20,000 people lost their home 470,000 people evacuated

  21. Achieved cases • Many values for housing (high-quality wooden temporary housing, using pre-existed apartments,,,) • Locate housing near to the former communities and keep communities. • Social services • Revision in Disaster Victim’s Support Act

  22. Problems to be solved • Discrimination against internally displaced people (IDPs) • Keep community connections • To know actual needs for public housing • To secure vulnerable people not only after the disaster but during evacuating

  23. Conclusion • Though it become able to achieve dignity, safety, and security to some extent, it is not enough. • People should reflect more on the behavior against vulnerable people and IDPs. • Community will make one’s future

  24. Political Security Suhyun KIM

  25. What is Political Security?-misconception • -Human Insecurity=Physical Harm? → ->through oversight or inaction on Human rights • Political Insecurity, business of only authoritarian govts?-> ->all regime, even U.S. and Japan No No

  26. What is Political Security? • PoliticalSecurity=enjoyment of civil and political rights, and freedom from oppression(UNDP, 1994) • Political Insecurity in disaster=Basic Human Rights(Civil and political rights including Multi-Party Election, Freedom) are threatened or overlooked in prevention, response, and recovery of disaster.

  27. What is Political Security? • ‘natural disasters are not simply scientific dilemmas in need of atechnical solution. They are instead the product of particular social and political environments.’ (Steinberg, 2000) • Not only disaster creates political insecurity, but also the pre-existing political insecurity worsen the disaster situation, affecting other areas of human security

  28. What is Political Security? Pre-existing condition =prevent, respond, and recover Political Insecurity Disaster Creates or exacerbate it

  29. What is Political Security? • Govts` priority Human Security<Military Strength? =ex.Pakistan Human Security<Political Stability? =ex.Myanmar, U.S. Human Security<Economy =ex.Japan Human Security<International Regime, ideology =ex.Somalia-U.S.

  30. From Book1-Burma 2008, Cyclone Nargis attacked Burma 140,000 lives were lost and the livelihoods of the country’s poorest people were destroyed.

  31. From Book1-Burma • In 2008, Burma government= -Corrupt, Authoritarian. -Military Regime -Brutally oppressed oppositions and protests -Severe Human Rights abuse, Mass displacement -Freedom in the world 2008:7.0/7.0=>Worst of the Worst(Freedom House, 2008) ->Political Insecurity: Pre-existing vulnerability

  32. From Book1-Burma • The govt rejected external aid to protect its ruling power from destabilization. • Later, it accepted foreign aid and cooperated with international humanitarian agencies. This also became an opportunity to settle longstanding assistance and cooperation.

  33. From Book1-Burma • However, the non-external aid policy had lasted for about a month. =>Immediate response and recovery(important!!!) X =>Due to the lack of aid for such a long time, many people who would have been saved lost their lives, human security was threatened.

  34. From Book2-Fukushima • Japan-democratic, liberal, multi-party election (Freedom in the World 2014 by Freedom House-1.0/7.0 “Free”-PR:1 CL:1) Political Insecurity? Ha! Kidding!?

  35. From Book2-Fukushima 2011/3/11 Earthquake Tsunami Nuclear Plant Explosion TRIPLE DISASTER!!!

  36. From Book2-Fukushima Why? Human Security<Economy

  37. From Book2-Fukushima • Transparency-No accurate information provided from Govt and TEPCO after the triple disaster response-what is happening recovery-what is going to happen, how to survive from the danger, if the remaining plants safe enough to operate • Moreover, oblique and wide-ranging secrecy law ->Trust ↓, the Right to Know is threatened, Politically Insecure.

  38. From Book2-Fukushima • Priority: Human Security<Economics

  39. From Book2-Fukushima • LDP took power bcs.. -as a punishment for DPJ, the former govt -Economy issue is more important than other policies. Therefore, the democratically but apathetically electedgovt now goes against electorates’ will of reducing Nuclear dependency on energy. ->Threat to Democracy(Political Security), further to other human security areas. Electoral Democracy of the people, by the people, for the people.

  40. Conclusion • Even Japan which is considered as one of the most liberal and democratic countries face the political insecurity after disaster. • The govt does not clearly inform people even if it is closely related to their human security. • The govt acts oppositely to people on Nuclear Plant issue (Prioritize economy)

  41. Conclusion Does it deserve this? The govt is democratically elected – Safe to say it is Electoral Democracy. But, Information control and ignoring people’s will =Characteristics of Authoritarian govts • ->Govt needs to communicate with its people (Sharing the information, Listening to their opinion)

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