. . . the colonists need ice

2. . . . the colonists need ice

3. http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/space_resources_031114.htmlhttp://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/space_resources_031114.html

6. Earthrise from Clementine • the craters in the craters have craters http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/clem2nd/

7. LIFE CARBON BASED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THAT OCCURS IN water

8. on earth human beings need air water food shelter society

9. off earth human beings need shelter/technology air water food society

10. water & other volatiles for the moon base • Earth • in regolith from solar wind (ppm)‏ • permanently shadowed polar craters • comets & asteroids • Mars

12. from Table 12 - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_resources/developmentofmoon.pdf

14. Although the plane of the Moon's orbit about the Earth is inclined about 5o, it's equator is inclined about 6.5o, resulting in a 1.5o inclination of the Moon's spin axis to its orbital plane around the Sun. This means that the Sun always appears low, close to the horizon at the poles of the Moon and areas within craters at the poles can be in permanent shadow. http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Dec96/earmoon.html

15. fortuitous circumstances

16. the permanently shadowed craters at the lunar poles are so cold, the temporary atmosphere from cometary impact will condense and then may take the rest of the life of the solar system to sublime

17. The only possible way for ice to exist on the Moon would be in a permanently shadowed area. The Clementine imaging experiment showed that such permanently shadowed areas do exist in the bottom of deep craters near the Moon's south pole. In fact, it appears that approximately 6000 to 15,000 square kilometers (2300 to 5800 square miles) of area around the south pole is permanently shadowed. The permanently shadowed area near the north pole appears on Clementine images to be considerably less, but the Lunar Prospector results show a much larger water-bearing area at the north pole. Much of the area around the south pole is within the South Pole-Aitken Basin (shown at left in blue on a lunar topography image), a giant impact crater 2500 km (1550 miles) in diameter and 12 km deep at its lowest point. Many smaller craters exist on the floor of this basin. Since they are down in this basin, the floors of many of these craters are never exposed to sunlight. Within these craters the temperatures would never rise above about 100 K (280 degrees below zero F) (2). Any water ice at the bottom of the crater could probably exist for billions of years at these temperatures. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ice/ice_moon.html

19. physical properties of asteroids and comets • mass? • rotation rate? • solid or rubble pile? • surface - crust, regolith, or solid? • accessible Delta V?

20. bring back part of an asteroid or comet • robotic cargo ship • manned cargo ship

21. mass driver cargo ship uses part of payload as reaction mass http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/spaceres/illus.html

22. bring back entire asteroid or comet • robotic mission • manned mission • manned w/ robotic precursor

23. Gravity Tug • massive ship • gravity as towline • long duration low level ion thrust • no direct contact, physical properties of NEO unimportant

24. GRAVITY TUG http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap051110.html

25. Gravity Tug Built from NEO • seed ship (factory)‏ • build factory inside NEO • build Tug at top of tower • shift mass to Tug & launch • use part of NEO as reaction mass

26. of course, MARS wants water, too http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=212