2012 Appropriate Technologies and Intellectual Property Workshop Problem-Solving Methodologies,

1. 2012 Appropriate Technologies and Intellectual Property Workshop Problem-Solving Methodologies, Inventions and Engineering Design Water Purifier for Cambodia R&DPatent Center Policy Planning & Strategy Team Hee-jung, Hong

2. CONTENT Analysis of drinking water environment in Cambodia Case studies of Appropriate Technologies Analysis of products and technologies Process of patent analysis Concept of Design

3. Analysis of drinking water environment in Cambodia

4. 1. Types of Cambodian drinking water • A study conducted the dry season(February to April), 48% of Cambodian villagers use surface water as their primary water source and only 16% of people use deep wells greater than 10m in depth.(UNICEF, 2007) • All households stored their water in containers, but 32% of which were uncovered and majority were also outside. *Source : Water Purification In Cambodia, 2008 Engineers Without Borders Challenge

5. 2. General characteristics of water in Cambodia Surface water Ground water Turbidity Manganese Fluoride Pathogens Turbidity Manganese Arsenic Iron Fluoride Pathogens *Source : RESEARCH EXPERIENCE FROM ITC: Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, 2010, Institute of Technology of Cambodia

6. [Ref.] Analysis of Cambodian drinking water (1) *Note : WHO guideline values for parameters of health concern are noted in bold typeface. There were no cases of pH exceeding 8.5; the lowest recorded pH was 4.27. *Source : Chemical quality of drinking water in Cambodia, 2007, WHO, Journal of Water and Health

7. [Ref.] Analysis of Cambodian drinking water (2) *Note : WHO guideline values for parameters of health concern are noted in bold typeface. There were no cases of pH exceeding 8.5; the lowest recorded pH was 4.27. *Source : Chemical quality of drinking water in Cambodia, 2007, WHO, Journal of Water and Health

8. [Ref.] Analysis of Cambodian drinking water (3) *Note : WHO guideline values for parameters of health concern are noted in bold typeface. There were no cases of pH exceeding 8.5; the lowest recorded pH was 4.27. *Source : Chemical quality of drinking water in Cambodia, 2007, WHO, Journal of Water and Health

9. 3. Requirements of surface water usages • Generally Cambodians use shallow wells or stored rainwater but storage conditions are very poor to use continuously as primary water sources. General water sources shallow wells Verification and Elimination of Turbidity Elimination of Floating matters Necessity of Containers Verification of Other hazardous substances Status of water sources Stored rainwater *Source 1 : Homepage of Environment Foundation (http://www.greenfund.org) *Source 2 : Fountain Project, 2010, GIST

10. [Ref.] Turbidity of surface water • In dry season and rainy season the turbidity is different, in dry season it rises over 125 compared to 20, WHO guideline value • Aquanaut Water Quality Kit Result * Source : An Overview of Water Quality Issues in Cambodia * Note : First Numbers are July, 2004 Results / Second Numbers are January, 2005 Results