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Introduction to Metabolism

Introduction to Metabolism. Jack Blazyk 9/21/09. Carbohydrates. e.g., Glucose. C 6 H 12 O 6. Lipids. e.g., Palmitic Acid. C 16 H 32 O 2. Proteins. Amino acid polymer. Contain N. Major Fuel Molecules. What is essential in our diet?. Proteins. Amino acids. Lipids.

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Introduction to Metabolism

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  1. Introduction to Metabolism Jack Blazyk 9/21/09

  2. Carbohydrates e.g., Glucose C6H12O6 Lipids e.g., Palmitic Acid C16H32O2 Proteins Amino acid polymer Contain N Major Fuel Molecules

  3. What is essential in our diet? Proteins Amino acids Lipids Unsaturated fatty acids Carbohydrates Glucose ??

  4. Carbohydrates e.g., Glucose C6H12O6 Lipids e.g., Palmitic Acid C16H32O2 Proteins Amino acid polymer Contain N How do we store our energy reserves? <1% 85% 15%

  5. Design of Metabolism

  6. Located in mitochondrial matrix O = 3 H2O CH3 - C -

  7. Carbohydrates e.g., Glucose C6H12O6 Lipids e.g., Palmitic Acid C16H32O2 Proteins Amino acid polymer Contain N Why are lipids our primary energy reserves? More Reduced

  8. Design of Metabolism

  9. Metabolic Regulation Regulatory Enzymes Allosteric Binding Sites Covalent Modification Induction / Repression

  10. Allosteric Regulation

  11. Covalent Modification (e.g., reversible phosphorylation)

  12. Genetic Regulation

  13. Well-FedConditions

  14. My name is Homer and I approve of this diet. Total Calories – 2740 Calories from Fat – 1440 % Daily Value Total Fat 246% Sat. Fat 345% Cholesterol 107% Sodium 143% Protein (~50 g) 162% Sugars (~40 g) 380%

  15. The Marvels ofEvolution?

  16. Well-Fed Adipose Pentose Shunt Glycolysis Cholesterol Synthesis Triglyceride Synthesis Fatty Acid Synthesis

  17. Glycogenesis Well-Fed Liver Glycolysis Cholesterol Synthesis Pentose Shunt Triglyceride Synthesis Fatty Acid Synthesis

  18. Well-Fed Muscle Glycogenesis

  19. Glucose Insulin Glycogen CO2 + H2O Glucose Glucose aa aa CO2 + H2O Urea Protein Chylomicrons Pyruvate TG TG VLDL CO2 + H2O Lactate Glycogen Lactate Well-Fed State Brain Pancreas Gut Portal Vein Liver Adipose Lymphatics Muscle RBC

  20. FastingConditions

  21. Glycogenolysis Fasting Liver Gluconeogenesis Ketone Body Synthesis Fatty Acid Oxidation

  22. No Uptake Fasting Adipose Triglyceride Breakdown Fatty Acid Oxidation

  23. No Uptake Fasting Muscle Ketone Body Utilization Fatty Acid Oxidation

  24. Glucose Glucagon Glycogen CO2 + H2O Glucose FA Pyruvate FA CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O Lactate Lactate Early Fasting State Brain Pancreas Gut Portal Vein Adipose Liver Lymphatics Muscle RBC

  25. Glucagon CO2 + H2O Glucose KB Glycerol Urea FA FA CO2 + H2O Pyruvate CO2 + H2O aa Protein Cortisol Lactate Extended Fasting State Brain Pancreas Gut Portal Vein Adipose Liver Lymphatics RBC Muscle

  26. Fig. 16-10 Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Edition, 2006Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Victor W. Rodwell

  27. pp. 256-260

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