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Languages of Computing

Languages of Computing. Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory. Part 1. Languages for storing data. Binary digits (bits). = 1. = 0. Bits. = 0100100. Bytes. 01000001 01101100 01100001 01101110 00100000 01000010. Encoding text. 01000001 = “A” 01101100 = “l” 01100001 = “a”

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Languages of Computing

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  1. Languages of Computing Alan Blackwell CU Computer Laboratory

  2. Part 1 Languages for storing data

  3. Binary digits (bits) = 1 = 0

  4. Bits = 0100100

  5. Bytes 01000001 01101100 01100001 01101110 00100000 01000010

  6. Encoding text 01000001 = “A” 01101100 = “l” 01100001 = “a” 01101110 = “n” 00100000 = “ ” 01000010 = “B” etc …

  7. RAM chip

  8. RAM chip(kilobytes (kb) = 1000’s of bytes)

  9. RAM circuit board (c.a. 1980)

  10. Magnetic drum storage

  11. Magnetic drum storage

  12. Magnetic tape storage

  13. IBM mainframe

  14. Cassette tape

  15. Apple II

  16. BBC Micro

  17. 5.25 inch floppy disk (200 kb)

  18. IBM PC

  19. 3.5 inch floppy disk

  20. Floppy disk drive 1.4 megabytes = 1.4 million bytes = 1,400,000 bytes = 1,400 kilobytes

  21. Hard disk drive

  22. Hard disk drive (gigabytes)

  23. Hard disk drive (gigabytes) 400 gigabytes = 400 billion bytes = 400,000,000,000 bytes = 400,000,000 kilobytes = 400,000 megabytes

  24. External hard drive (terabytes)

  25. External hard drive (terabytes) 1 terabyte = 1 trillion bytes = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes = 1,000,000,000 kilobytes = 1,000,000 megabytes = 1,000 gigabytes

  26. CD-ROM (megabytes)

  27. DVD-ROM (4 gigabytes)

  28. Flash card

  29. SIM card (kilobytes)

  30. USB flash drive (8 gigabytes)

  31. Geek speak checklist • bit, byte, RAM • kilobyte (kB) = 1,000 bytes • megabyte (MB) = 1,000,000 bytes • gigabyte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 bytes • terabyte (TB) = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes • ASCII

  32. Part 2 Types of data language

  33. Plain text

  34. Numbers 0 = 00000000 1 = 00000001 2 = 00000010 3 = 00000010 … 254 = 11111110 255 = 11111111

  35. Numbers

  36. Encoding colour 11001000(= 200 Red) 01100100(= 100 Green) 11001000(= 200 Blue) 110010000110010011001000

  37. Picture elements (pixels) 900 pixels(30 x 30)

  38. Compression 36,000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 12 (high quality) File size: 40 kB 36,000 pixels (180 x 200) JPEG level 0 (low quality) File size: 14 kB

  39. Resolution A 10 kPixel camera (100 x 100 greyscale)

  40. Encoding sound .WAV[e] file or (compressed) MP3 0 | 0 | 237 | 10 | 56 | 235 | 12 | 3 | 45 | …

  41. Encoding programs 10100000 00000000 01000010 11101001 01001000 = MOV AX,0x0082E984H or, “get the data at memory address 4385096” (in the particular language of Intel microprocessors)

  42. Central Processor Unit Once millionsof instructions per second (MIPS) Now, billions of clock ticks per second (GigaHertz, GHz)

  43. Geek speak checklist • plain text • resolution • compression • GIF, JPEG, MP3, WAV, MPEG • ARM • GigaHertz

  44. Part 3 Collecting and presenting data

  45. Input: Keyboard

  46. Input: Sound card

  47. Input: Flatbed scanner 1000 dpi (dots per inch)

  48. Input: Digital camera 4000 x 3000 = 12 Megapixels

  49. Input: Digital video camera 640 x 480 pixels (VGA)

  50. Input: Webcam 352 x 288 pixels (VGA)

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