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Intelligent Transportation System Projects in Heterogeneously-Connected Environments. Jeffrey Miller, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Computer Engineering University of Alaska Anchorage. Alaska Department of Transportation Quarterly Design Meeting July 31 , 2012. Outline. VANETs
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Intelligent Transportation System Projects in Heterogeneously-Connected Environments Jeffrey Miller, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Computer Engineering University of Alaska Anchorage Alaska Department of Transportation Quarterly Design Meeting July 31, 2012
Outline • VANETs • Discrete Traffic Assessment • Distributed Traffic Assessment • Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks • V2V2I Safety Applications • Current/Future Projects
ITS • Intelligent Transportation Systems consist of technologies that are used to improve any aspect of transportation • Cruise control • Automated cruise control • Seatbelt notification • Assisted parallel parking • Real-time traffic • Signal timings • Signal fleeting/Vehicle platooning • Snow plow tracking • V2X – Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) architectures aid ITS applications
VANETs • A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a group of vehicles that are able to communicate directly with each other, forming a mobile network • The technology used to communicate between the vehicles could be 802.11b/g/n, 802.11p, DSRC, LTE, Bluetooth, 802.15.4, Xbee, or any other wireless protocol • Pure V2V networks have limited applications because of the distribution of the network • The amount of data transmitted between vehicles will be less than the total data received by a central infrastructure
VANET Applications • Safety • Intersection notification • Front vehicle braking • Emergency beacons • Informational/Diagnostic • Lane closed ahead • Real-time mechanic diagnostics • Congestion notification • Environmental • Ice on road ahead • Vehicle emissions • Infotainment • Browsing the web, streaming videos • Mobile gaming Autonomous Vehicles
Distributed Data Gathering • Individual vehicles have been able to transmit data to a central infrastructure for many years • Devices can be installed in vehicles or be traveling with the vehicles • These devices can report speed, location, and many other vehicular parameters • This allows real-time data to be gathered in a continuous fashion
Privacy Concerns • Depending on the application, privacy may or may not be a concern • Data that is displayed to the public needs to remain anonymous, even though there is a unique identifier transmitted • For real-time traffic assessment, the location of the device should not exposed to the public, but only a map showing an aggregation of the data
Test Platform • Currently, we have 65 vehicles being tracked • Volunteers • VPSI Share-A-Ride vans • Delivery freight vehicles • We have agreements for 80 freight vehicles to be tracked • We have a few vehicles using smartphones (iPhone, Blackberry, and Android-based phones) • We have over 2.3 million data points that have been reported since December 2009
Additional Information • The data shown on http://www.alaskatraffic.net stays live for 30 minutes if no other vehicle drives along the roadway • We are trying to assess if that length of time still reports accurate data or if the data is stale in a period less than that • The project is free and open-source, and it is being used by other universities around the world in conjunction with departments of transportation • We have determined travel times along certain arterials and can aggregate the data we have over periods of time
Emergency Beacons • In disconnected environments, how would you notify emergency response vehicles if you needed help? • In mountainous or remote areas, what if a crash has rendered the driver helpless and out of sight of passing vehicles? • Emergency beacons can be used to notify passing vehicles, who can then notify emergency vehicles when they are within range
Current/Future Work • Currently designing a hardware robotic test bed with 1:24 scale vehicles communicating over 802.15.4 with a server and a video camera acting as the GPS satellites • The vehicles will be autonomous, configured with video cameras and able to perform V2V and V2I communication • Determining location of vehicle slippage based on OBD data, including ABS and tire rotation • Tracking snow plows and determining when the blade is down (meaning that the vehicle is plowing) • This will then be displayed on a map for the public to see which roads have been plowed and a predictor as to when other roads will be plowed • Testing these algorithms in a live environment, communicating with 802.11p and DSRC • The US FCC has already standardized vehicular communication using DSRC with 75MHz allocated on the 5.9GHz band • The IEEE has standardized 802.11p for vehicular communication
