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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Geography of the Lone Star State. Lesson 1 Texas Today. Texas is a large state and is even larger than more than 100 of the countries in the world. New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana are states that border Texas.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Geography of the Lone Star State

  2. Lesson 1Texas Today • Texas is a large state and is even larger than more than 100 of the countries in the world. • New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana are states that border Texas. • Texas also borders Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. Texas has a good location for trade. Page 11 & page 13 • The Rio Grande River between Texas and Mexico serves as a natural border between each other. Page 14

  3. Hills, mountains, basins, plateaus, and plains are types of landforms found in Texas. Page 15 • Texans may get their water from an aquifer or a spring. • An underground layer of spongy rock is called an aquifer which holds water. • An area where underground water comes to the surface is called a spring. Page 16 and 17

  4. Lesson 2Don’t Mess with Texas • Resources are materials that help people meet their needs. • Natural resources come from the earth. Soil, trees, minerals, and water are natural resources. • Aquifers and reservoirs are two water sources for Texans. A lake is an example of a reservoir. Reservoirs are places that collect water. • Water is being used up faster than rainfall can replace it. Page 24 • During droughts people are asked to conserve water. How can you conserve water? Page 24 and 25 • Oil, poisons, and other toxins pollute the water making it harmful to humans and wildlife. • Cleanup projects can minimize these problems

  5. Renewable resources, such as trees and soil, can be replaced after they are used. Page 22 • Nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels, cannot be replaced. Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels. Page 23

  6. Lesson 3Weather and Climate • Weather describes the air at a certain time and place. • Hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, and floods are types of severe weather that Texas can have. • 1900 Galveston Hurricane Page 29 • Tornado Alley in west-central Texas Page 30 • Fall and winter storms from Canada are called northersPage 30

  7. Climate describes weather patterns over a long time period. • Climate differs throughout Texas. The Texas Panhandle experiences colder winters than southern Texas. Why do you think that is? Page 31 • Temperatures in Texas are affected by elevation, bodies of water, and the equator. • Higher temperatures occur near lower elevations Page 32 Elevation Map on page 18

  8. Moisture that falls to the ground is called precipitation. Types of precipitation include rain, snow, sleet, and hail. • There is more precipitation in East Texas than there is in West Texas. Page 32 and 33

  9. Lesson 4Plants and Animals • Plants, trees, flowers, and grasses that grow naturally without the help from people are called natural vegetation. • Cultivated vegetation are plants that people grow from seeds or parts of other plants. Page 38 • Cotton, corn, wheat, and grain sorghum are major crops of Texas. • Irrigation is a watering system farmers use to transport water to drier areas of land in Texas. Page 39

  10. Fruit and nut trees are grown in orchards. Peaches and pecans may have come from Texas orchards. • Trees in the Rio Grande Valley grow citrus fruits (oranges and grapefruits). • Texas produce includes watermelon, cantaloupe, onions, peanuts, carrots, and the official state fruit—the Texas Ruby Red grapefruit! • Squirrels, deer, javelinas, rattlesnakes, lizards, prairie dogs, and more than 600 types of birds live in different regions of Texas. Page 41 • The Mockingbird is the Texas state bird and the Monarch Butterfly is the state insect.

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