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Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern Mexico

Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern Mexico. Research purposes. To study the genetics of fruit size increase in tomatillo occurred under domestication. This will be carried out by association mapping

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Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern Mexico

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  1. Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern Mexico

  2. Research purposes • To study the genetics of fruit size increase in tomatillo occurred under domestication. This will be carried out by association mapping • To study the population structure in tomatillo: results are useful for association mapping • To study the phylogeographic history of tomatillo • To Investigate where and how cultivated forms where domesticated: history of domestication

  3. Jalisco Puebla Guerrero Oaxaca Chiapas

  4. Sources of collection of germplasm • Undisturbed Vegetation • Disturbed vegetation: Wild forms or “tomate de milpa” • Maize Fields: Wild forms or “tomate de milpa • Cultivated fields: small-fruited and large-fruited varieties • Traditional markets: Wild forms, small and large-fruited varieties • Farmer’s stock: small and large-fruited varieties

  5. Other Physalis species collected: Physalis ampla Physalis angulata

  6. Physalis ampla

  7. Physalis angulata

  8. Variation in fruit size Wild Domesticated

  9. “Tomate de milpa” grows in maize fields called milpas (Jalisco)

  10. Cultivated field in Puebla

  11. Tomatillo is very abundant today in traditional markets in Mexico. It is the fifth most important vegetable species cultivated in this country 23579 Ha were cultivated in 1990

  12. Women harvest the fruits (November, Puebla)

  13. Women process seeds for next growing season (Puebla)

  14. Fruits are stored in boxes

  15. Ready to be sold

  16. Diseases: Coleoptera eat the leaves

  17. Ethnobotany of the husk tomato . The word “tomate” comes from the Nahuatl indigenous word “Ayacach tomatl” and means berry. . Local names: Miltomate (oax), tomate verde (Jal), tomatillo (Jalisco, Oax, Puebla), tomate de cascara (Jal, Puebla, Oax, Chiapas), tomate de hoja (Jalisco, Puebla). . Aztecs cultivated the husk tomato with maize and used to call it “miltomate” that means “tomate de milli” or cultivated tomato with maize. It was used for cooking and medicinal purposes.

  18. Ethnobotany of the husk tomato Uses: Salsa Verde Infusion of calix to make the dough for tamales Leaves and fruits to treat headaches and stomachaches Juice to treat the sore throats Cooked calix to treat diabetes

  19. Sowing and Harvest Dates Sowing Harvest Jalisco June August-September Puebla July September-October Oaxaca August-September October-November Chiapas September November

  20. Number of germplasm collections available at BANGEV, USDA and the new collections

  21. Main Findings New collections mainly from under-collected states: Oaxaca and Chiapas Great variation in fruit size exist along the range of distribution Truly wild forms were not found. Wild forms are commonly associated with maize or grow in disturbed habitats near cultivated fields Local preferences in fruit type: Purple fruits in Jalisco, big and green fruits in Puebla, yellow fruits in Guerrero, and small and purple fruits in Chiapas The crop is still grown on a traditional agricultural system

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