Multi Engine Commercial Review

1. Multi Engine Commercial Review By: Graham Johnson DPE

2. Where Do the Questions Come From? • They all come from the PTS • Task Items • Certificates & Documents • Airworthiness Requirements • Weather Information • Cross Country Flight Planning • National Airspace System • Performance & Limitations • Operations of Systems • Principles of Flight- Engine Inoperative • Aeromedical Factors

3. Examination Guide • The purpose of this guide is to help highlight the applicable areas of knowledge for this exam. • It is not a complete list of topics, but covers those that seem to have confusion or are what I deem as important to the exam. • The final guidance for all exams is the appropriate PTS.

4. Certificates and Documents • Commercial Pilot Privileges & Limitations • Currency Requirements • Pilot Certificates and Medicals • Airplane Documents

5. Commercial Pilot Privileges • Common Carriage • is a person or company that transports goods or people for any person or company and that is responsible for any possible loss of the goods during transport. A common carrier offers its services to the general public under license or authority provided by a regulatory body. The regulatory body has usually been granted “ministerial authority” by the legislation which created it. The regulatory body may create, interpret, and enforce its regulations upon the common carrier (subject to judicial review) with independence and finality, as long as it acts within the bounds of the enabling legislation. • Holding Out • The process of deliberating on an offer. Also advertising for a service. • 14CFR119.1

6. Currency Requirements • 3 Landings within Preceding 90 Days • Full Stop for Night or Tail wheel • If using Instrument Privileges • 6-6-HIT • 6 months 6 approaches holding intercepting tracking

7. Airplane Documents • A.R.R.O.W. • Airworthiness Certificate • Registration Certificate • Radio License (International Operations) • Operating Limitations (POH/AFM, Placards & Markings) • Weight and Balance Data for Specific Aircraft

8. Airplane Documents Continued • What Actions are Required to Maintain an Airworthiness Certificate • A.V.I.A.T.E. • Annual Inspection • VOR Check • Pitot Static System Inspection • Airworthiness Directives • Transponder Inspection • ELT Inspection

9. MEL’s • What is an MEL? • Minimum Equipment List • List of Stuff that can be broken and us still be legal to fly • How do we obtain an MEL? • AC 91-67 • What Do we use instead? • 91.213(d)

10. Weather Information • METAR, TAF, Area Forecast • Surface Analysis Chart • Radar Summary Chart • Winds and Temperature Aloft Chart • Significant Weather Prognostic Charts • Convective Outlook Chart

11. Text Weather Products • Be able to decode • Know issuance times and valid times for each product

12. Graphic Weather Products • Why do we want to look at these charts • Valid Times • Issuance Times • Symbols • What is the chart telling me?

13. Surface Analysis Chart

14. Radar Summary Chart

15. Significant Weather Prognostic Charts

16. Convective Outlook Chart

17. Cross Country Flight Planning • Why chose the route you chose • Top of Climb Calculations • How to Adjust for Wind • Knowledge on the use of all aircraft performance charts

18. National Airspace System • Class A, B, C, D, E • Cloud and Weather Requirements • Identify on Chart • Special Use • MOA, MTR, Restricted, Prohibited

19. Systems • Flight Controls • Flaps • Engine & Propeller • Landing Gear • Fuel, Oil, Hydraulic • Electrical • Avionics • Pitot Static • Environmental • Deicing and Anti Icing

20. Systems • Must have the ability to explain overall operation of systems • Understand the individual components of the system and what their role is in the system • Basic understanding of troubleshooting

21. Pressurization Systems • How do most general aviation airplanes get pressurization • What are the major components of the system • Outflow Valve, Safety Valve • What 3 additional flight instruments does a pressurized airplane have

22. O2 Systems • Altitude Requirements for O2 Use • What is a Quick Donning Mask? • What 3 Types of Mask are available • What altitude ranges are the masks good for

23. Engine Inoperative Definitions: VMC is the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with that engine still inoperative, and thereafter maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank of not more than five degrees. The method used to simulate critical engine failure must represent the most critical mode of power plant failure expected in service with respect to controllability. (23.149 (a)) At VMC the rudder pedal force required to maintain control must not exceed 150 pounds and it must not be necessary to reduce power on the operative engine(s). During the maneuver, the airplane must not assume any dangerous attitude and it must be possible to prevent a heading change of more than 20 degrees. (23.149 (e)) Critical Engine is the engine, which if it is made suddenly inoperative has the greatest negative effect on aircraft directional control.

27. Spiraling Slipstream • Doesn’t Come Into Play in the Duchess • Or Any Light Twin that I know of…

36. Aeromedical Factors • Hypoxia • Hyperventilation • Middle Ear and Sinus Problems • Spatial Disorientation • Motion Sickness • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning • Stress and Fatigue • Dehydration

37. Aeromedical Factors Continued • Hypoxia • Symptoms • How to Identify • Different Types • Corrective Actions

38. Aeromedical Factors Continued • Hyperventilation • Symptoms • How to Identify • Cures

39. Aeromedical Factors Continued • Spatial Disorientation • I.C.E.F.L.A.G.G.S. • Inversion • Coriolis • Elevator • False Horizon • Leans • Auto kinesis • Graveyard Spiral • Graveyard Spin • Somatogravic