Bones

1. Bones Skeletal system

2. What happened to all the bones?? • As a newborn you are born with over 300 bones. As an adult you have only 206! What happened to all the other bones? Newborn baby

3. Can you believe we have 206 bones? • Skull and upper jaw—21 bones • Ear—3 tiny bones • Lower jaw (mandible) • Front neck bone (hyoid) • Backbone/spine—26 separate bones (vertebrae) • Ribs—12 pairs • Breast bone • Upper limbs—32 bones (2-shoulder, 3 arm, 8 wrist, 19 hand) • Lower limbs—31 bones (1 hip, 4 leg, 7 ankle, 19 foot)

4. Functions of the skeleton • Support • Protection • Movement • Storage of minerals • Production of blood cells

5. Axial Skeleton • Consists of the following bones: • Skull • Vertebral column • Rib Cage Protects Vital Organs

6. Appendicular skeleton • Arms and leg bones, pelvis, and shoulder areas • Movement • Production of blood cells • Storage of minerals Appendicular Axial

7. Parts of a bone • Periosteum—living membrane covering bone, except joint • Spongy bone—tissue with many spaces, located at end of long bones & in the middle of flat bones • Compact bone—very dense, located in shafts of long bones • Epiphyseal plate—growth plate • Marrow • Red—produces RBCs • Yellow—mostly fat cells

8. Parts of a bone • Haversian Canals—spaces through which nerves and blood vessels pass • Osteoblasts—bone builder cells • Osteoclasts—bone destroyer cells

9. Joints • Joints are the places where bones meet and touch • There are three classification of joints • Immovable • Slightly Movable • Freely Movable

10. Types of Free moving bone joints

11. Types of Free Moving Joints Hinge Joint Ball & Socket Joint A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage. A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders.

12. Types of Free Moving Joints Gliding Joint Pivot Joint gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Midcarpal and midtarsal joints are gliding joints Saddle Joint Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis. The neck and forearms have pivot joints. Neck--occipital bone spins over the top of the axis. Forearms--radius and ulna twist around each other. saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down, bot does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint.

13. Name the Joint Type Hinge Joint

14. Name the Joint Type FixedJoint Pivot Joint Pivot Joint

15. Name the Joint Type Ball & Socket

16. Cartilage • Some always present • Ossification—replacement of cartilage with bone • Bursae—fluid-filled sacs that lubricate some freely moving joints

17. Tendon vs Ligament Tendon—attaches muscle to bone (sprain) Ligaments—attach bone to bone (strain)

18. Types of bones • Long—have a tubular shaft & articular surface at each end • Short or Irregular—are variable in size and shape and are generally compact in nature (hand and foot) • Flat—are thin and have broad surfaces (ribs, sternum, hips, scapula)

19. Diseases and disorders • Bursitis—is an inflammation of the bursa, causing pain in the body’s joints • Osteoarthritis--(also called degenerative joint disease) occurs when a joint wears out

20. Diseases and disorders • Osteoporosis—disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue. • Scoliosis—a side to side curve of the spine

21. Diseases and disorders • Fractures—breaks or cracks in the bone • Leukemia—cancer affecting the production of RBCs Leukemia