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Unit 2 - How Organisations Use ICT

Unit 2 - How Organisations Use ICT. The Impact of ICT on Methods of Production. What does your syllabus say?. So what are the impacts?. The use of automated machinery and robotics linked with ICT systems has dramatically changed manufacturing. It has had mass impact upon many areas.

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Unit 2 - How Organisations Use ICT

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  1. Unit 2 - How Organisations Use ICT The Impact of ICT on Methods of Production

  2. What does your syllabus say?

  3. So what are the impacts? • The use of automated machinery and robotics linked with ICT systems has dramatically changed manufacturing. It has had mass impact upon many areas. • You may categorize the main areas of impact as - • Process Control • Production Control

  4. Production Control - Defined Production control involves the systematic planning, Coordination and directing of manufacturing activities to ensure that goods are made on time, of adequate quality and at reasonable cost. Example of an advantage - JIT (Just in Time) can be used for order processing and stock control Effect - All parts, components or raw materials are ordered exactly when required in the production process. Money is saved due to low storage costs and no capital investment in ‘sitting’ stock. Disadvantage - If a supplier fails to delivery the required parts on time then the entire manufacturing system is delayed. Class discussion - Can you think of any other advantages or disadvantages from using automated production control?

  5. Process Control The fundamental understanding you have to develop here is systems theory and feedback. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT The feedback loop The outputs from an automated manufacturing systems are consistently monitored. If there is a problem with the output then relevant info is fed back into the system so that adjustments to the input can be made. This feedback system can be considered as first generation AI (Artificial Intelligence)

  6. CAD/CAM - Mind Map Below shows the main areas that ICT effects within industrial production. Your Task - Listen and watch the presentation: record your own key notes on the handouts provided! Employment Designing CAD/CAM Product Quality Economy & scale of Production

  7. Employment Cuts in Labour Force Human assistance still required Employment Repetitive Jobs replaced by machinery Effects on workers due to shift work

  8. Repetitive Jobs Replaced by Machinery Machines can complete difficult processes without tiring nor complaining. Robots give increased health and safety to workers AGV’s (Automated Guided Vehicles) - Can be programmed to move components or products from one area of a manufacturing system to another.

  9. Cuts in the Labour Force Computers manufacturing can replace the manual crafts and processes previously used. AGV’s - Discussed on previous slide.

  10. Human assistance still required Computers need programming by humans. Operators need to be trained to manage the computer systems.

  11. Effects on workers due to shift work Computers can operate 24 hours a day. Shift workers must be employed to manage and maintain CAD/CAM systems.

  12. Designing Increases Productivity Reduces needs for specialists Designing Design process implemented in a more systematic way Cuts out repetitive work

  13. Designing Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced Increases Productivity Reduces needs for specialists Designing Design process implemented in a more systematic way Cuts out repetitive work

  14. Designing Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced. Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people. Increases Productivity Reduces needs for specialists Designing Design process implemented in a more systematic way Cuts out repetitive work

  15. Designing Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced. Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people. Increases Productivity Reduces needs for specialists Designing CAD Allows use of more accurate design and printing tools. Design process implemented in a more systematic way Cuts out repetitive work

  16. Designing Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced. Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people. Increases Productivity Reduces needs for specialists Designing CAD Allows use of more accurate design and printing tools. Design process implemented in a more systematic way Cuts out repetitive work Computer programmers allow copy and paste facilities. Some jobs can now be reduced into seconds

  17. Designing Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced. Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people. Increases Productivity Reduces needs for specialists Designing CAD Allows use of more accurate design and printing tools. Design process implemented in a more systematic way Cuts out repetitive work Design process can be followed by faster progression without having to retrace steps Computer programmers allow copy and paste facilities. Some jobs can now be reduced into seconds

  18. Economy & scale of Production 24hr manufacture possible Reduce labour force More products can be manufactured Economy and Scale of Production High initial investment Saves on running costs

  19. Economy & scale of Production Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities. 24hr manufacture possible Reduce labour force More products can be manufactured Economy and Scale of Production High initial investment Saves on running costs

  20. Economy & scale of Production Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities. 24hr manufacture possible Reduce labour force More products can be manufactured Economy and Scale of Production High initial investment Saves on running costs Reduced labour force means reduced costs

  21. Economy & scale of Production Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities. Computers never get tied. As long as there is power they will keep producing 24hr manufacture possible Reduce labour force More products can be manufactured Economy and Scale of Production High initial investment Saves on running costs Reduced labour force means reduced costs

  22. Economy & Scale of Production Some other important issues - CAM - Computer Aided Manufacture FMS - Flexible manufacturing Systems (Use robots and run under DNC systems) DNC - Direct numerical controlled (This includes networking of CNC’s) CNC - Computer numerically controlled. Machines, tools, lathes, drills, saws can be controlled by numbers. Highly accurate and no major H&S risks.

  23. Product Quality More complex ideas can be manufactured High Specification Products Product Quality Saves money on costly prototypes

  24. Product Quality Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity More complex ideas can be manufactured High Specification Products Product Quality Saves money on costly prototypes

  25. Product Quality Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity More complex ideas can be manufactured High Specification Products Product Quality Saves money on costly prototypes Quality Control Quality Assurance Tolerance Limits

  26. Product Quality Computerised manufacture can produce small and extremely accurate components every cycle Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity More complex ideas can be manufactured High Specification Products Product Quality Saves money on costly prototypes Quality Control Quality Assurance Tolerance Limits

  27. Saving Money Some other important issues - CAE - Computer Aided Engineering Application of software which analyses the performance and efficiency of assembly lines. CAA - Computer Aided Analysis This system checks products and there production methods. QC & QA checks can me automated. CAID - Computer Aided Industrial Design Allows designers to develop designs on computers after rapid prototyping. Also allows quality control issues to be set before final manufacture.

  28. Task - Identifying Production Systems Consider - the robotics used within a production line act like any other basic ICT system……..they have inputs, processes and outputs. Taking robotics in a car manufacturer as the area to analyse: Can you identify or describe any of the following - Input methods into a robotic/automated production system Processes involved in a robotic/automated production system Output methods from a robotic/automated production system Feedback Systems

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