1 / 30

The Apartheid Era in South Africa 1948-1994

The Apartheid Era in South Africa 1948-1994. World Studies. Definition of Apartheid. Afrikaans word meaning “apartness” or “separate” Name given to the system of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948-1994. A Quick History of South Africa.

zaza
Download Presentation

The Apartheid Era in South Africa 1948-1994

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Apartheid Era in South Africa1948-1994 World Studies

  2. Definition of Apartheid • Afrikaans word meaning “apartness” or “separate” • Name given to the system of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948-1994.

  3. A Quick History of South Africa • Pre-1652: Black Africans such as the Khoi and San live in SA. Other Bantu speakers move in later. • 1652: The Dutch (Netherlands) establish the Cape Colony (white Europeans) • Early 1800’s: the British win control of the Cape Colony, push the Dutch aka Boers out. • Boers and Africans fight, Boers and British fight as well (over gold, diamonds) • 1910: British create Union of South Africa, allow Boers (Afrikaners, white South Africans) to rule.

  4. Migrations

  5. The Western Cape aka Cape Colony • Good climate for farming, especially, grapes! • Ideal for ships to stop en route to Asia. • Beautiful scenery • Best land in Africa

  6. Pre- 1948 • Discrimination of black Africans began in colonial times under British and Dutch rule. • Blacks were given lowest paying jobs • Blacks could only own land in certain areas (8% of total land) • African National Congress (ANC) was formed to organize blacks and resist oppression. • Conditions for blacks worsened over time, including repealing voting rights.

  7. Election of 1948 • The National Party came to power • Afrikaners • Conservative, traditional values • Belief that segregation was “God’s Plan” • Immediately, the National Party implemented laws that continued segregation. • Daniel Francois Malan ->

  8. Early Laws • Mixed Marriages Act (1949) • Blacks and whites could not marry. • Population Registration Act (1950) • All South Africans assigned to one of 3 groups: • White • Colored (mixed race, inc. Asian) • African (blacks) • Group Areas Act (1950) • Blacksand whites were separated geographically. • Whites controlled best land (86%)

  9. Other laws/ restrictions • Segregated… • Transportation • Government buildings • Entertainment • Schools • Afrikaans • Only taught white history • Sexual relations • Passbooks • Sound familiar?

  10. Whites Only

  11. Passbooks • All blacks were required to carry passbooks; whites did not have to do so. • Blacks were restricted as to where they could travel within South Africa. • Blacks could be arrested for not carrying their passbooks.

  12. Townships • In cities, such as Johannesburg and Cape Town, non-whites were forced to leave their homes and live in townships. • Cheaply built homes • High population density • No elec, running water, sewers • On the edge of the city • Today, areas of high poverty (slums) • Some notable townships: Soweto (Joburg), Khayelitsha (CT), New Brighton (PE)

  13. TownshipsNear Joburg

  14. Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town

  15. Township Road

  16. Soweto, population 1,271,000

  17. Poor Area in Soweto Township

  18. Bantustans • In 1959, 8 black homelands, or Bantustans, were created throughout South Africa • In theory, each of these homelands would be governed independently by blacks. • The homelands were a “show” for the outside world….blacks experienced few rights and were further separated from the South African government.

  19. Opposition to Apartheid Non-violent means White reaction • Mass protests • Letter writing • Burning passbooks • Civil disobedience • Boycotts • Refusal to work • Based on teachings of Gandhi. • The government responded with more laws, raids, jail, and in many cases violence.

  20. Sharpeville Massacre (March 21, 1960) • Sharpeville was a township near Joburg. • Close to 20,000 blacks gathered to protest pass book laws. • Most refused to carry passbook as an act of protest. • None were armed. • Police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people, injuring 180. • Included women and children • Many were killed fleeing the scene

  21. Sharpeville

  22. Sharpeville

  23. Sharpeville

  24. Rivonia Trial (1963-64) • Leaders of the ANC, including Nelson Mandela, were tried for acts of sabotage attempting to overthrow the Apartheid system. • Most, including Mandela, were found guilty, and sentenced to life in prison. • Robben Island Prison near Cape Town • A major blow to the ANC

  25. Robben Island

  26. Mandela’s Cell

  27. Soweto Uprising (1976) • Students in Soweto (SOuthWEstTOwnship) of Jo-burg, were madthat their schools lacked materials and good teachers. • They also protested the policy of Afrikaans as one of the languages of instruction. • Angry that they had to learn the language of their oppressors—spoken nowhere else in the world—in order to function in math, science, and history classes. • On June 16th 1976 Soweto students staged a massive protestagainst Afrikaans instruction. • Armed response from the government. • Riots and fighting lasted for months. • 176 were killed, with over 1000 injured. (600/2,500)

  28. Soweto Uprising

  29. Hector Pieterson

More Related