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Water Pollution

Chapter 22. Water Pollution. Types of Water Pollution. Explosion in algal, bacteria, & decomposer populations. ↑ Enrichment. Fish kills. ↑ Biological oxygen demand. ↓ Oxygen levels in water. Sewage. Types of Water Pollution.

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Water Pollution

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  1. Chapter 22 Water Pollution

  2. Types of Water Pollution Explosion in algal, bacteria, & decomposer populations ↑Enrichment Fish kills ↑Biological oxygen demand ↓Oxygen levels in water • Sewage

  3. Types of Water Pollution • Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand

  4. Types of Water Pollution • Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem Oligotrophic lake

  5. Types of Water Pollution • Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem Eutrophic lake

  6. Types of Water Pollution • Disease-Causing Agents

  7. Types of Water Pollution Fecal coliform test • Disease-Causing Agents • Monitoring for Sewage

  8. Types of Water Pollution • Sediment Pollution Low sediment load

  9. Types of Water Pollution • Sediment Pollution High sediment load

  10. Types of Water Pollution • Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients • The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico

  11. Types of Water Pollution • Organic Compounds

  12. Types of Water Pollution • Inorganic Chemicals • Lead • Mercury

  13. Lead affects practically all systems within the body. It is a powerful neurotoxin that interferes with the development of the brain and central nervous systems as well as the kidney and blood-forming organs and can cause a wide range of health effects. Impacts on cognitive thinking, memory, attention, language, and fine motor and visual spatial skills have been seen in children exposed to methylmercury in the womb. Elemental (metallic) mercury primarily causes health effects when it is breathed as a vapor where it can be absorbed through the lungs.

  14. Types of Water Pollution • Radioactive Substances • Thermal Pollution

  15. Water Quality Today • Point source pollution • (e.g., cyanide spill) • Nonpoint source pollution • (e.g., fertilizer runoff from agriculture fields)

  16. Water Quality Today • Water Pollution from Agriculture • 72% of water pollution in rivers attributed to agriculture • Chemical pesticides may leach into soil and then into water.

  17. Water Quality Today • Municipal Water Pollution

  18. Water Quality Today • Industrial Wastes in Water • Problems depend upon industry • Food processing  high BOD • Paper mills  toxic compounds & sludge • Many US industries now treating wastewater • (some can recover merchantable products)

  19. Water Quality Today • Groundwater Pollution

  20. Water Quality Today • Water Pollution in Other Countries • Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

  21. Water Quality Today • Water Pollution in Other Countries • Po River, Italy - Equivalent of the Mississippi River, - Sewage, industrial wastes, sediment - >16 million Italians depend on the river for drinking water - Pollution is so bad, swimming has been suspended in parts, jeopardized tourism and fishing

  22. Water Quality Today • Water Pollution in Other Countries • Ganges River, India http://www.compulsivetraveler.tv/videos/408-Ganges-River-Pollution

  23. Water Quality Today - Water contaminated with disease-causing organisms - Led to cholera and diarrhea outbreaks • Two boys collect water from an unsafe source far from their home in Kwale district

  24. Water Quality Today • Water Pollution in Other Countries • Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh - In 1980s world health organizations, sponsored digging wells - Unfortunately, naturally occurring arsenic led to wide-spread poisoning

  25. Improving Water Quality Collected from reservoir or ground water. • Purification of Drinking Water • General process:

  26. Improving Water Quality Water treated • Purification of Drinking Water • General process:

  27. Improving Water Quality • Purification of Drinking Water • General process: Distributed to customers Wastewater collected as sewage

  28. Improving Water Quality • Purification of Drinking Water • General process: Sewage treated

  29. Improving Water Quality • Purification of Drinking Water • Purification issues: • The Chlorine Dilemma • Fluoridation

  30. Improving Water Quality • Municipal Sewage Treatment Primary and Secondary Sewage Treatment

  31. Improving Water Quality • Municipal Sewage Treatment Effectiveness of primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment

  32. Improving Water Quality • Municipal Sewage Treatment • Major problem associated with wastewater treatment is disposal of sludge • Can be used as fertilizer, but there may be health risks (e.g., heavy metal poisoning) • Used to be dumped in ocean, that is now banned • Currently, most dumped in landfills

  33. Improving Water Quality • Individual Septic Systems Septic tank

  34. Improving Water Quality • Individual Septic Systems Drain field

  35. Laws Controlling Water Pollution • Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) • set the maximum contaminant level for drinking water • Clean Water Act ( 1972) • pertained to improving quality of rivers, lakes, aquifers, estuaries, and coastal waters • reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance municipal wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff.

  36. Laws Controlling Water Pollution • Case-in-Point:Water Pollution in the Great Lakes http://www.wkyc.com/video/default.aspx?aid=65282

  37. Laws Controlling Water Pollution • Laws That Protect Groundwater • Safe Drinking Water Act • The law was amended in 1986 and 1996 and requires many actions to protect drinking water and its sources: rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water wells. (SDWA does not regulate private wells which serve fewer than 25 individuals.) • Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act • enacted in 1976, is the principal Federal lawin the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste.

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