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Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use?

Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use?. Emily Boyer, Julia Hulbert, Ciera St. Pierre , and Ryan Youngblood Group 28. Introduction. Created a computer program to discover the correlation between ontogeny and phylogeny Mayr : Early changes = Disruptive

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Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use?

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  1. Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use? Emily Boyer, Julia Hulbert, Ciera St. Pierre, and Ryan Youngblood Group 28

  2. Introduction • Created a computer program to discover the correlation between ontogeny and phylogeny • Mayr: Early changes = Disruptive • Gould: Retain ancestral developmental features • Recapitulation: Repetition of an evolutionary process during development/growth

  3. Data/Results List of logic functions that were awarded to the digital organisms if the functions were performed. Key: ~ : The negation of the binary string (Clune et al. 2012)

  4. Data/Results Mean Score vs. The Tendency of Ontogeny to Recapitulate Phylogeny ORP: Overall tendency CC: Contribution of traitcomplexity to ORP Diff: Difference between ORP and CC scores (Clune et al. 2012)

  5. Data/Results Diff: Mean Difference: 0.075 Standard Error: 0.038 Range: -0.474 to 0.877 CC: Mean Score: 0.195 Standard Error: 0.031 Range: -0.318 to 0.587 ORP: Mean Score: 0.270 Standard Error: 0.047 Range: -0.5 to 1.0

  6. Discussion • Complexity Correlation Effect: • Simpler traits are building blocks for more complex traits • They tend to evolve and develop before more complex traits creating correspondence in the ordering of events • Developmental Disruption Force: • Selection tends to preserve early developmental stages more than later stages • Early acting mutations often disrupt traits expressed both early and late in life

  7. Conclusion TAKE HOME MESSAGE

  8. References • Clune, J., Pennock, R. T., Ofria, C., and Lenski, R.E. 2012. Ontogeny Tends to Recapitulate Phylogeny in Digital Organisms. The American Naturalist 180:E54-E63 • Lenski, R. E., C. Ofria, T. C. Collier, and C. Adami. 1999. Genomecomplexity, robustness and genetic interactions in digital organ-isms. Nature 400:661–664 • Whittaker, D., 2012. Why do organisms build tissues they seemingly never use?, Michigan State University. • Freeman, S. Biological Sciences. 4th. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2011. 474. Print.

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