Emerging issues in Indonesia

1. Emerging issues in Indonesia • Transitional phase: problems of capacity at both government and civil society • Some problems may led to the emerging trends of local oligarchy; elites captured over resources and hampering accountability • Dilemma on corrective or prevention of corruption, where ethical values are not necessarily being practiced Importance of social accountability: • Reforming governance • Connecting citizen to their government • Allowing citizen to participate into the process of development and democratisation

2. 4 freedoms of SAc • Freedom of information • Freedom of expression • Freedom to participate • Freedom of association 3 outcomes: • Public services • People’s welfare, and • Protection of rights 2 benefits: • For citizen: quality and sustainable services • For government: legitimacy and trust 4 elements: • Building capacity of active citizens • Promoting constructive engagement • Create opportunity for responsible government (open and responsive) • Cultural context

3. The relationship between social accountability and democracy • Democracy is universal, local values not always inline with democracy values • Democracy assistance, not development assistance: knowledge, values, and skills • Education to build conscious citizens • Democratic issues in real sectors • School of democracy as democratisation from below • Social accountability can promotes universal values of democracy operational at the local cultural context • Social accountability can enhance the quality of discourse as an effective means to enlarge citizen participation (quantity)

4. Generic principals • Accountability: constructive engagement in controlling the performance of public officials • Citizens is entitled to control. Obligation for policy makers and program implementers. • Social initiative; direct, fair and balance relationship Relevance • Social accountability is a set of method to account for public policies and activities. Measureable social accountability will bring the creation of good governance. • Social accountability is closely related with power engagement; balancing relationship between people, state and business community • Social accountability is prerequisite for the maintenance of democracy procedures

5. Generic relevance: • Democracy promotes civil liberties and human rights, where • Social accountability obliged citizen to make democratic substance more visible and tangible Issues: • How to assess the impact of SA in Democratisation; is the degree of participation and budget allocations adequate enough • Conditionality of using SA, particularly used when democratic procedures are not led to people’s interests • Emphasis notion on “Social” Accountability as a guidance to clarify levels of accountability (vertical – horisontal) • How SA can bring social consideration into public or corporate governance • Institutionalisation of social accountability to enable the creation of civil good governance, public good governance and corporate good governance

6. Relevance I: • Social accountability can reduce the institutional ambivalence of democratic institutions • Social accountability can materialise the democratic values • Relevance II: • Social accountability as a continuous way (process) to gain accountability of democratic institutions in materialising the democratic values

7. Sharing experiences KPK: • Areas: education • Teacher as the role model for anti-corruption • Module and training • Methodology: in-class team teaching, multi-media, and out-class observations • Not enough (no yet impact for changing situation) since mental behavior • New strategy: changing the conventional module into a technical module (NLV) • Lesson: specific training both methodology , methods and content is important.

8. BPPT/ Kemenpan • Identification of the main elements of Social Accountability and Democracy • Continuous learning from integration of SA & Democracy • The ends should be at good governance; public, private and civil governance • Strong commitment from the leaders

9. There are standards, tools and best practices available related to accountability (not begin from zero)