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Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Cyclic Hydrocarbons. compounds that contain hydrocarbon rings. rings of 3 to 20 are found in nature 5 and 6 are most abundant Naming: place the prefix cyclo out front ex - cyclopentane general formula same as for an alkene. cyclooctane C 8 H 16. Name each:. cyclohexane C 6 H 12.

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Cyclic Hydrocarbons

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  1. Cyclic Hydrocarbons • compounds that contain hydrocarbon rings. • rings of 3 to 20 are found in nature • 5 and 6 are most abundant • Naming: • place the prefix cyclo out front • ex - cyclopentane • general formula same as for an alkene

  2. cyclooctane C8H16 • Name each: cyclohexane C6H12 same cyclobutene C4H6

  3. Benzene C6H6know this Resonance - when one or more valid structures can be drawn. This makes a very stable molecule. Not as reactive as other 6 carbon alkenes Benzene is perfectly flat. Bending or twisting disrupts the double bonds. Chemist often use a circle to show the resonance in benzene.

  4. terms • Aliphatic compounds • hydrocarbons that do not contain rings • Arenes • unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons • Aromatic • old name for arenes • used because arenes smell good • now used to describe compounds that have bonding like benzene

  5. Naming compounds with benzene • If a hydrogen has been replaced with a substituent, name the substituent followed by the name benzene. • Examples - CH3 CH3 CH3 1,2-dimthylbenzene methylbenzene

  6. Naming compounds with benzene • If the benzene ring is a substituent of a carbon chain (an alkyl group) the name is changed to phenyl. • Example - C-C-C-C-C 3-phenylpentane

  7. cyclohexane phenylbenzene ethylbenzene 1-ethyl-3-propylbenzene propylbenzene 2-phenylpropane

  8. Natural gas and petroleum • Natural gas and petroleum are 2 important fossil fuels • They contain mostly aliphatic hydrocarbons • What is the major component of natural gas? • It is the same gas we use in the lab and to heat your domicile (home). • Methane - CH4

  9. Combustion reactions (a review) • Complete Combustion • CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O • Incomplete Combustion • CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + C + CO • You will be expected to be able to write balanced equations for combustion reactions.

  10. A combustion reaction

  11. Petroleum • Crude oil is refined before it is used. We just don’t use it directly out of the ground. • It is separated on the physical property of boiling points. This lab technique is called distillation. • The parts of crude oil are called fractions. • The process of breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller useful molecules is called cracking. • Petrochemicals - chemical used to make other products

  12. oil distillation

  13. Coal - another important fossil fuel • Coal consists of condensed ring compounds of extremely high molar mass. • Due to the high proportion of these aromatic compound, coal leaves more soot. So, burning petroleum has an environmental advantage. However, you get more energy out of coal. • Coal contains sulfur which produces SO2 and SO3, which in turn makes acid rain.

  14. Coal can be distilled to make • coal gas • hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide • all are flammable • coal tar • petrochemicals - benzene, toluene (methyl benzene), napthalene, phenol, pitch • Coke - a fuel used in industry • pure carbon - produces little smoke and burns with an intense heat • ammonia - cleaning product as well as being converted to ammonium sulfate for use as a fertilizer

  15. Wouldn’t it be nice your car ran on water?watch video • Info for demo. Read it.

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