Bellringer : Do you think Our world would be as advanced today, without the use of Slavery?

1. Bellringer:Do you think Our world would be as advanced today, without the use of Slavery?

2. The Age of Exploration Ch. 6-2 Africa in the Age of Transition

3. The Slave trade • In the 15th Century the market for African slaves was Southwest Asia. • Used as domestic servants • The demand for slaves rose dramatically with the discovery of the Americas. • Due to the planting of sugar cane

4. Sugar cane • Cane sugar was introduced to Europe for Asia during the Middle Ages. • During the 16th Century, Plantations(large agricultural estates) were set up along the coast of Brazil. • Growing cane sugar requires much labor. • Native American population to small to provide needed labor. • African Slaves shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on the Plantations.

5. Sugar cane

6. Growth of the Slave Trade • 1518 – Spanish ship carried first boatload of African slaves to the America’s in 1518. • The trade grew tremendously in the next two centuries. • Becomes part of the New World economy’s Triangular Trade.

7. Triangular Trade • The Pattern of the Triangular Trade connected Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the American Continents. • European merchants carried goods (guns, cloth) to Africa where they traded for slaves. • Slaves were shipped to and sold in the Americas. • European Merchants then bought tobacco, molasses, sugar, and cotton for sale in Europe.

8. Triangular trade

9. The Slave trade • 275,000 African slaves were exported during the 16th Century. • Over 1 million were shipped in the 17th Century, and 6 million in the 18th Century. • Ten million slaves were shipped from Africa to the Americas.

10. Middle passage • Main reason for high numbers was the death rate. • Middle Passage: the journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas • The middle portion of the triangular trade route.

11. The middle passage

12. The middle passage

13. Death rates • Many slaves died on the Journey. • Death rates higher for newly arrived slaves than those born in the Americas. • Slaves had little or no immunity to diseases

14. Sources of slaves • Before the 15th Century , most slaves in Africa were prisoners of war. • Europeans bought slaves from African merchants in return for: • Guns, Gold, or other European goods.

15. African rulers become concerned…. • King Afonso of Congo sent letter to the king of Portugal 1526 stating: • “So great is the corruption that our country is being completely depopulated. • These protests were ignored, and many local rulers profited from the slave trade. **Some rulers sent raiders into helpless villages in search of victims**

16. Effects of the slave trade • Depopulated areas . • Deprived African Communities of their youngest and strongest men and women. • Increased local warfare • Traders and rulers competed with each other and raided neighbors for slaves.

17. “ From us they have learned strife, quarreling, drunkenness, trickery, theft, unbridled desire for what is not one’s own, misdeeds unknown to them before, and the accursed lust for gold” • Dutch Slave Trader

18. Political and social structures • European influences did not extend beyond slave trade in the coastal regions. • Exceptions are South Africa & Mozambique • Traditional African Political Systems continued • Monarchy common by the Sixteenth Century • Highly Centralized • King regarded as almost divine

19. Foreign influences • African religious life was influenced by foreigners. • The main impact was from Islam. • Dominant in North Africa and spread southward into the states of West Africa. • Christianity was established only in South Africa and Ethiopa.

20. Map Quiz • Get out a blank sheet of paper and number to fifteen. Word Bank