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Rocks and energy

Rocks and energy. April 2011. Igneous Rocks. Igneous Rocks were the original rocks formed while the Earth cooled. When a rock is melted and allowed to cool, it becomes an igneous rock. Igneous Rocks. Magma: found in the mantle. Lava under the crust.

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Rocks and energy

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  1. Rocks and energy April 2011

  2. Igneous Rocks • Igneous Rocks were the original rocks formed while the Earth cooled. • When a rock is melted and allowed to cool, it becomes an igneous rock.

  3. Igneous Rocks • Magma: found in the mantle. Lava under the crust. • Lava: liquid rock that is found on top of the crust. Lava comes out of a volcano. • There are 2 types of Igneous Rock: • Extrusive: this igneous rock is found above the crust and cools quickly producing small rocks. • Intrusive: this igneous rock is found underground and cools very slowly, producing large rocks. Example : Granite. • The most common rocks found in the Earth’s crust.

  4. Igneous rocks

  5. Characteristics of Igneous Rocks • Felsic: is a type of magma that is Al based and are lighter in color. Much lower density. • Mafic: is a type of magma Fe and Mg based and are darker in color.

  6. Sedimentary rock Chapter 6 April 2011

  7. Sedimentary rock • Sediments: pieces of solid material that have been deposited on Earth’s surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation. • When sediments come together they form sedimentary rocks. This begins with either weathering or erosion.

  8. Examples of sedimentary rock

  9. Shale- Natural gas

  10. Deposition • Sediment ends up being deposited once transport stops. • Remember, faster moving water or wind can transport larger particles. • So, naturally larger pieces will slow down first, followed by smaller pieces. • Some transporters carry all sediments equally like landslides and glaciers.

  11. The Deposition cycle

  12. Lithification • Sediments deposited in sedimentary basins. • This build up causes increasing temperature and pressure in an area which leads to LITHIFICATION. • THIS IS WHAT MAKES SEDIMENTS COMBINE TO FORM SEDIMENTARY ROCKS! • Cementation refers to when mineral growth cements sediment grain together into solid rocks.

  13. Cementation

  14. Features of sedimentary rock • Bedding ( horizontal layering) • Graded bedding (particle size become heavier and courser towards the bottom layers) Marine sedimentary rock • Cross bedding: inclined layers of sediment move forward across a horizontal surface.

  15. Energy from rocks and Minerals? • Carbon: Mineral: Oil, Petroleum, Coal • Natural Gas: Sedimentary Rock: Shale • Nuclear Power: Uranium and Plutonium • Which is best?

  16. Features of sedimentary rock

  17. Metamorphic rock • Pressure and temperature increases with depth….when temperature or pressure increases: rocks melt and form magma. • If the rocks do not melt, they are still capable of being distorted • Various types of Metamorphic Rocks • Regional metamorphism • Contact metamorphism • Hydrothermal metamorphism

  18. Metamorphic rock

  19. Regional metamorphic

  20. Contact metamorphic

  21. Hydrothermal metamorphism

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