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Using Sources

Using Sources. ENGL 1301 & 1302 Dr. R. Ramos. Do I Need Outside Sources?. Does the assignment require research? Do I need more info than what I have in me in order to meet the page length? If you answer “Yes” to either of those questions, then you need outside sources.

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Using Sources

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  1. Using Sources ENGL 1301 & 1302 Dr. R. Ramos

  2. Do I Need Outside Sources? • Does the assignment require research? • Do I need more info than what I have in me in order to meet the page length? If you answer “Yes” to either of those questions, then you need outside sources.

  3. Where Do Sources Belong in the Writing Process? • Looking for outside sources of information – that is, research – belongs in the Prewriting and Arrangement stages of the Writing Process. • Do your research first; then draft your essay (or parts of your essay).

  4. Two Kinds of Sources:Primary and Secondary Sources

  5. Primary Sources • A Creator makes his/her personal expression. • That expression is a Primary Source • Examples: • Painting / Sculpture/ Dance • Song / Music • Fictional movie • Poem • Fictional story • Autobiography / interview • Personal essay

  6. Secondary Sources • A Critic reviews and/or critiques a Creator’sprimary source. • That review or critique is a Secondary Source. • Examples: • Art critic’s review • Music critic’s review • Documentary / newscast • Literary critic’s analysis • Biographer’s book • Research essay

  7. How the Two Kinds Are Related • The Creator does not need the Critic to make his/her primary source. • But the Critic ALWAYS needs the Creator in order to make his/her secondary source. • A Critic is a “parasite” of the Creator! PRIMARY SECONDARY

  8. Some Reputable Places for Sources • Non-reference books from a library • Interviews from Experts, Witnesses, and/ or Participants • News and Scholarly Articles from library databases, like DCCCD Library’s Online Database • Information from reputable websites

  9. What’s a Reputable Website? • Any website whose main purpose ISN’T selling something. If it has a shopping cart, (as lots of .com sites do) then don’t use that site. • A website with these at the end of the web address are usually reputable: • .com that are News sites (blogs, for the most part, are “iffy” as reliable sources of news, as they are often unreliable commentary) • .edu (education sites) • .gov (government sites) • .mil (military/ armed forces sites) • .org (non-profit organization sites, with one exception: Wikipedia as a source is a no-no in college-level research)

  10. Documenting Your Sources in MLA Style: a Two-Part Process Part 1: In-text (that is, within your essay) citation of your direct quote, short paraphrase, or short summary of your source. • Use introductory phrases and/or parentheses to name your source (usually last name, title – if no last name is available -- and/or applicable page number) Part 2: End-of-text (that is, at the end of your essay) source list. • Use an alphabetical-by-last-name list of your referenced sources, also called the “Works Cited” list. • If you label this list “References” or “Bibliography” you are NOT doing MLA Style and it needs to be edited.

  11. Useful Tip When Researching • To prevent plagiarism and speed up the Drafting and Revising stage and Editing/Proofreading stage, use MLA Style of Documentation in the Prewriting and Arrangement stages, when you research: • When taking notes or making copies/ print-outs, note the full name, title, and any page numbers of your source. • When making your list of sources, note as much information as you can of who the author is, what the titles are, dates, and where you can find that source – the more detail, the better!

  12. Student Model of MLA Style of Documenting Sources • Philip Lau’s “The Limitations of Wikipedia” (735-742)

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