Sustainable Urbanization for Development

2. Sustainable Urbanization for Development The Way Forward towards Habitat III Dr. Joan Clos Executive Director, UN HabitatSecretary-General of Habitat III

3. Indonesia and UN-Habitat • Indonesia was a founding member of UN-Habitat at the Habitat I Conference in 1976 • Indonesia also had a global role in Habitat II in 1996 • UN-Habitat has in 20 years implemented 29 projects worth Rupiah 756 billion in Indonesia.

4. Sustainable urbanization for sustainable development

5. The role of urbanization in development • Urbanization is accelerating worldwide. It has the potential to be the major driver of sustainable development in the next thirty years. • But without betterurbanization, sustainable development will not be possible. • Urbanization is not a passive outcome of development, but a source of development. • Urbanization accelerates economic growth. • Good urbanization generates sustainable growth.

6. The risks of the current model of urbanization

7. The current model of urbanization The International Urbanization Model • Partially based on some of the principles of the Modern Movement • The Tower in the Park • The Super Block • The Motorway • Excessive zoning of land use • Suburbialization and sprawl • Prone to slums in developing world • Prone to increased cost of real estate and loss of affordability for the majority of the population

8. Without change, cities will continue to grow… • Unplanned, spontaneous • Slums • Sprawl • Congested • Zoned • Increasing excess mobility and car dependency • Segregated • Gated communities

9. Common space Good urbanization comes by choice (i.e. good design), not by chance

10. Good urbanization - a three-legged approach • Urban Design • Rules and Regulations • Financial Plan

11. How can we substantively improve the existing urban pattern (i.e. The International Model)? • Establish effective measures for protection and defense of the public space (40-50% of the urban land) • Streets – min. 30% of the urban land and well inter-connected, min. 80 crossings per km2. • Parks • Waterways • Provision of well-planned and designed buildable plots (50% of the urban land).

12. Why urban planning and design? • Required for proper compactness and an integrated, mixed land-use pattern • Good planning should establish minimum densities, optimize street connectivity and social diversity • The urban fabric should integrate housing varieties, walkable urban spaces and varied transportation options • Planning is not mainly a matter of financial resources, but rather of political will and consensus capacity The essence of urbanization is the proper design of public spaces and the provision of well-structured buildable plots.

13. Urban Legislation • Land Regulation • Regulation and protection of public space:delimitation of the public space is the principal function of urban planning. • Regulation of buildability & urban development rights. • Plotting regulation - Cadaster. • Building codes

14. Urban Economy and Municipal Finances • Municipal finances: • Addresses the current and potential urban financing sources, mechanism and capabilities to make cities’ financially viable. A budgeting process of income and expenditure. • Local economic development - Job Creation • Interventions that foster employment opportunities, particularly for the youth. • Special attention to the opportunities to foster a sustainable economic viability. • Land value sharing systems

15. The indispensable role of local governments

16. Local governments are key to sustainable urbanization • Only the public sector can effectively secure (at adequate scale) sufficient public space and oversee good urban design. • While local governments carry a great deal of responsibility, they often have limited power.They can do little without support and resources from their national governments. Good urbanization can only come out of proper coordination between national and local government.

17. The role of national governments • Many fundamental issues are decided at national level: • Degree of decentralization • Responsibilities of every level of government • Coordination between subnational levels • Structure of financing of the different levels of administration • Determination of the public debt capacity • Urban legislation For proper urbanization to occur, an effective and relevant National Urban Policy is as necessary as good urban planning and design at local level.

18. Why a National Urban Policy today? • Because of the accelerating rate of urbanization • Because of the large number of people urbanizing, and the economic outputs • The need to move from a Housing Policy to an Urban Policy. Housing – especially affordable housing – can not be tackled in isolation from the urbanization process.

19. Planned City Extensions – local level • A key strategy to recover the tradition of good urban planning and designat the local level. Clearly different from a Master Plan or Strategic Plan. • Objective: Should be guided by the legal delimitation and design of the public space (40-50%), and the buildable plots (50%). • Designed adequately at the scale of the problem. • Guarantee the connection of the enlargement to the preexisting city center and associate infrastructure. Good and sustainable urban planning should ensure adequate compactness, mixed use of land, social integration and a proper sense of human scale (walkability, quality of public space etc.)

20. Rural urbanization

21. Rural urbanization • A proper national urbanization strategy must take into account the balance of territorial development • Well-planned and managed rural urbanization can enhance rural prosperity, reduce inequality and improve interface with hinterlands • Rural urbanization should ensure access of the rural population to good urban services, incl. education, health, sanitation, drainage etc. • Intermediate rural settlements and market towns should function as hubs that connect advanced services to rural areas (finance, insurance etc.) and agricultural products to the bigger markets. • Rural urbanization can ensure quality of life across the rural-urban continuum, from big cities to small settlements. Whether big or small, the methodology of urbanization is the same: secure qualitative common space and define buildable plots.

22. Urbanization and Climate Change

23. Cities at the forefront • 70% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are related to urbanization • 40% of global total from transportation and buildings • 30 % from products consumed in cities • In cities, large populations and property are exposed to extreme weather events There will be no solution to climate change without proper urbanization. The answers to the immediate need to bring about change lies with cities.

24. HABITAT III

25. Habitat III • Habitat III will discuss how villages, towns, cities and metropolis can become better planned and managed, and fulfill their role as drivers of sustainable development. • First UN global summit following the adoption of the Post-2015 development agenda and a new climate agreement in Paris. A tremendous opportunity to drive sustainable development. • Elaboration of a New Urban Agenda for the next 20 years – focused on implementability. The battle for sustainable development will be won or lost in cities. “The Future We Want” – Rio+20

26. The Future We Want…… ……The City We Need Thank you!