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UNIT 10: SOUTHEASTN ASIA, OCEANIA AND AUSTRALIA. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. Economic Activities: Oceania.
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UNIT 10: SOUTHEASTN ASIA, OCEANIA AND AUSTRALIA ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Economic Activities: Oceania • The main islands of Oceania lack resources and are made up of poor soil. Only New Caledonia (nickel, chromium, iron), New Guinea (copper, gold, oil), Nauru (phosphate) and both Fiji and Solomon Islands (gold) have some mineral resources.
Economic Activities: new Zealand • North Island has much fertile farmland and many forests that support the lumber industry. Its long coastline also supports natural harbors used for seaports. • Both North and South Islands have many rivers which allow for irrigation and hydroelectric power. • In the North, engineers have found ways to use underground steam from volcanic areas to power generators.
Economic Activities: Australia & Antarctica • Australia is rich in minerals and is the world’s leading supplier of bauxite, diamonds, opals, lead and coal. • Antarctica’s main resource is freshwater. Geologists believe that it is also rich in mineral resources but due to an agreement between 26 nations, it is never to be mined.
Invasion of the rabbits • In the late 1800’s, Europeans introduced the rabbit to Australia in order for game sport. The results were disastrous; the rabbit population grew faster than people could control. • The rabbits wiped out native plants and crops and ruined pastures used for livestock grazing.
Bikini island nuclear testing • In the 1950’s the U.S. government held about 60 nuclear tests in Bikini Atoll because it seemed like the perfect isolated area. • The blasts vaporized several surrounding islands and contaminated the area with high levels of radiation. • As a result, islanders were displaced and it was impossible to grow food or engage in fishing. Bikini
REGIONAL ECONOMICS Southeast Asia Islands of Oceania Australia, new Zealand, and Antarctica
Southeast Asia • The people of Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam depend of crops such as rice for its livelihood. Myanmar is also heavily forested and produces much of the world’s teak (wood known for its durability). Vietnam was devastated because of the war and most of its workforce fled elsewhere leaving its industry in shambles. • ASEAN, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, comprised of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, promote economic growth and peace. Their main focus is the production of textiles, clothing and electronic products. In Singapore, finance is an important service industry. In Brunei, wealth comes from petroleum and natural gas .
Oceania • Most of Oceania is based on subsistence agriculture with the exception of Nauru which has a prosperous economy based on the mining of phosphates. • The chief crops on these islands are bananas, sugar, coca, coffee, and copra (meat of the coconut). • Fishing also provides a significant source of income. • Tourism is also a huge money maker but threatens the islands’ environment and ways of life.
Australia & new Zealand • Both nations depended the wool industry but since its decline have had to look to develop other industries. • New Zealand makes most of its money selling butter, cheese, meat and wool. Ranching outnumbers the population of people by 15 times and consists of mainly sheep and cattle. They are also the world’s largest producer of the kiwi fruit. Wood and paper products can also be found in the forest areas. • Australia earns part of its income from mining and is the world’s top producer of diamonds, lead, zinc and opals. It is also a major producer of bauxite, coal, copper, gold and iron ore. Sheep ranching is also a huge part of its economy.
Ch. 32, Land claims in Australia THE MABO CASE THE WIK CASE
