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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Glycolysis. How much energy is in food?. 1 gram of glucose = 3811 calories calorie – amount of energy needed to raise the temp of water by 1 °C Calorie with a capital “C” = a kilocalorie Calories are how foods are labeled 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories. Glycolysis.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration Glycolysis

  2. How much energy is in food? • 1 gram of glucose = 3811 calories • calorie – amount of energy needed to raise the temp of water by 1°C • Calorie with a capital “C” = a kilocalorie • Calories are how foods are labeled • 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories

  3. Glycolysis • The gradual release of energy from glucose molecules within the cell • There are two paths after glycolysis: • With O2 = Cellular Respiration • Without O2 = Fermentation

  4. Glycolysis Video Click Here

  5. Glycolysis Section 9-1 One moleucle of glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon sugar)

  6. Glycolysis: ATP Production • To make energy you need to invest a little 1st to break the glucose apart • 2 ATP put in • How many ATP are gained from glycolysis? • 2 ATP (4 total, but 2 cancel out with the initial investment)

  7. Glycolysis: NADH Production • 4 high energy electrons are removed from glucose • They are added to the electron carrier NAD+ • This produces 2 NADH

  8. Advantages of Glycolysis • Happens very quickly • Even though energy output is small, it happens so often that it produces large amounts of energy • Does not require oxygen • Can happen anytime

  9. Disadvantage of Glycolysis • Happens to fast sometimes • When it produces to much ATP all of the cell’s avalible NAD+ is used up • Without NAD+ glycolysis can not continue

  10. Cellular Respiration • Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presences of oxygen • 6 O2 + C6H12O6→ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

  11. Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  12. Homework • Pg 225 Section Assessment • #1, 2, 4, & 5

  13. Cellular Respiration The Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain

  14. Review • Glycolysis happens with or without O2 • Goes to Cellular respiration with O2 • aerobic • Goes to Fermentation without O2 • anerobic

  15. Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  16. Krebs Cycle • Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

  17. Krebs Cycle Click Here Click Here

  18. Krebs Cycle

  19. Electron Transport Chain • Uses high energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle & Glycolysis to convert ADP to ATP

  20. Electron Transport Chain Click Here Click Here

  21. The Electron Transport Chain

  22. Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O)

  23. Classwork/Homework • Explain the entire cellular respiration process. • Use words and/or pictures.

  24. Cellular Respiration Fermentation

  25. Review • Everything starts with Glycolysis • With oxygen – goes to Cellular Respiration • Without oxygen – goes to Fermentation

  26. Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  27. Fermentation • Glycolysis + new process = Fermentation • Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absences of oxygen • During fermentation, cells convert NADH to NAD+ by passing high-energy electrons back to pyruvic acid.

  28. Two Types of Fermentation • Alcoholic • Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ • Done by yeast and other microorganisms • Lactic Acid • Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+ • Done in humans and other animals

  29. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  30. Energy & Exercise • How does your body obtain energy for quick exercise? • How does your body obtain energy for long exercise? • Why do runners breathe heavily after a race? • Why do your muscle hurt after exercise?

  31. Classwork/Homework • Pg 237 • # 1-10 – just the letter of the answer • #12-13 & 15-19 – complete sentences

  32. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis

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