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The Role of Unicode and XML in Transforming Global e-Commerce. by Michael G. McKenna / Commerce One, Inc. mgm@globalisation.org v.1.1 September, 2001. Paperwork for International Business. ICC Document flow. Purchase Order Letter of Credit Inspection Certificate Bank Draft
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The Role of Unicode and XML in Transforming Global e-Commerce by Michael G. McKenna / Commerce One, Inc. mgm@globalisation.org v.1.1 September, 2001
Paperwork for InternationalBusiness • ICC Document flow • Purchase Order • Letter of Credit • Inspection Certificate • Bank Draft • Import Declaration • Commercial Invoice • Bill of Lading • Certificate of Origin • Insurance Certificate Sale Contract
Current e-Commerce Landscape • Procurement • Supply Chain • Exchanges • Indirect Goods • Direct Goods • Auctions • Collaborative Design
EDI/EDIFACT • Electronic Data Interchange • ANSI X.12 • Single language • Proprietary infrastructure • Difficult to maintain
Transact Req time Client Verify Req Client Verify Confirm Transact Confirm Prod Order Prod Order Confirm Vendor Financial Institution e-Commerce Co. Client / Buyer Ship Product Shipping Confirm Shipping Confirm $ Transfer Req $ Transfer Confirm Example Transaction
FinancialInst. E-CommCo. Client Transaction Diagram • Buyer/Client • e-Commerce Company • Financial Institution • Communication protocols • Differing Standards Vendor
Multi-National e-Commerce • Import/Export regulations • Compliance • Duties • Hazmat regulations • Landed Cost • Address, telephone formats • Time zones • Multi-local industry standards • Script of local language
Multi-Lingual Issues • Terminology differences • Shipping addresses • E.g., Russia or Japan • Confusion • UI in one language/script • Purchase Order in different Language/Script
Monetary Transactions • Credit Card • e.g., JCB, Maestro, Visa, MasterCard • Bank Transfer • Automatic Deposit • Support multiple payment systems! • Support multiple currencies
Flexible Business Rules • Market validity rules • Is it legal to sell in that market? • Is it legal to sell specific products in that market? • Transaction Rules • Application Integration • Currency for payment • Shipping • Taxes
XML in e-Commerce • Business document container: • Catalog descriptions • Transaction Entities • Buyer: Ship to / Bill to • Seller • Shipper • Financial Institution • Purchase Orders • Advance Ship Notice • Invoice • Shipping documents • Import/Export tax documents
Unicode in e-Commerce • Default encoding for XML • <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“utf-8” ?> • Enables multi-lingual data storage • Internal encoding for Java • Available in all major database systems • Microsoft SQL Server • Oracle • Sybase • DB2
Example Message (DTD) <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE Book [ <!ELEMENT Book (BookDesc)+ > <!ELEMENT BookDesc (Title, Author, Publisher, ISBN, Price, CoverImage, Desc) > <!ATTLIST Book xml:lang CDATA #REQUIRED > <!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA) > <!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA) > <!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA) > <!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA) > <!ELEMENT Price (Currency, Amount) > <!ELEMENT Currency (#PCDATA) > <!ELEMENT Amount (#PCDATA) > <!ENTITY CoverImage EMPTY > <!ELEMENT Desc (#PCDATA) > <!ATTLIST CoverImagemage type (bmp|gif|jpg|other) "gif"> <!NOTATION gif SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"> <!NOTATION bmp SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"> <!NOTATION jpg SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"> <!NOTATION other SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"> ]>
Example Message (XML) <Book> <BookDesc xml:lang=“EN”> <Title>Java in a Nutshell</Title> <Author>David Flanagan</Author> <Publisher>O'Reilly & Associates </Publisher> <ISBN>156592262X</ISBN> <Price> <Currency>USD</Currency> <Amount>24.95</Amount> </Price> <CoverImage>jnut_us.gif</CoverImage> <Desc>The bestselling Java in a Nutshellhas been updated to cover Java 1.1. If you're a Java programmer who is migrating to 1.1, this second... </Desc> </BookDesc>
Example Message (XML) <BookDesc xml:lang=“DE”> <Title>Java in a Nutshell</Title> <Author>David Flanagan</Author> <Publisher>OReilly/VVA </Publisher> <ISBN>3897211009</ISBN> <Price> <Currency>DEM</Currency> <Amount>49.00</Amount> </Price> <CoverImage>jnut_de.gif</CoverImage> <Desc>Dieses Handbuch ist eine unentbehrliche Kurzreferenz, die dazu gedacht ist, aufgeschlagen neben der Tastaturjedes Java-Programmierers zu liegen. Es enthält eine... </Desc> </BookDesc>
Example Message (XML) <BookDesc xml:lang=“JP”> <Title> </Title> <Author>David Flanagan</Author> <Publisher> </Publisher> <ISBN>4-900900-08-7</ISBN> <Price> <Currency>JPY</Currency> <Amount>3900.00</Amount> </Price> <CoverImage>jnut_jp.gif</CoverImage> <Desc> ... </Desc> </BookDesc> </Book>
xCBL 3.0 • DTD • Descriptor • Use of xml:lang throughout • Strong multi-national flexibility
xEDI • Designed to support catalogs in multiple languages • GlobalLanguage • Defines language of the document
RosettaNet • RosettaNet allows setting the language of the document • GlobalLanguageCode
Issues: Interoperability • Conversions • Preservation of locale information • DTD mapping • Mixing of COTS applications • 3rd party tools
Playing “catch up” • XML moves forward • Applications catch up slower • Partial functionality for rich DTD • OK – lays backbone to build upon
Future Issues • Corporate Education Issues • Standards convergence • Standard Meta-Data • Native Language Messages
Summary For Global e-Commerce Systems, add: • Unicode for universal language support • Java for portable code • XML for portable data • Conversion support for legacy integration • Good locale bookkeeping • Planning and design
