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Cognition and Learning

Learn about how phobias develop through classical conditioning, with insights into Ivan Pavlov's experiment with tuning fork and salivation. Discover the principles behind classical conditioning, including the acquisition of conditioned responses and the importance of timing and stimulus intensity.

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Cognition and Learning

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  1. Cognition and Learning

  2. Phobias and Conditioning • Phobias are irrational fears of specific objects, animals, or situations • People acquire phobias through conditioning

  3. Classical Conditioning • A learning procedure in which subjects make associations between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus • Ivan Pavlov • Tuning fork/salivation

  4. The Experiment • A neutral stimulus can replace a natural stimulus if it’s presented just before that stimulus • Food = unconditioned stimulus (US) • Salivation = unconditioned response (UR)

  5. Other Terms • Conditioned stimulus (CS) = tuning fork • Salivation = conditioned response (CR) • Conditioned responses are learned, not natural or reflexive

  6. Classical Conditioning

  7. Principles of Classical Conditioning • Acquisition of a conditioned response occurs gradually • Timing is very important • The intensity of the US

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