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Texas Independence (1836-1845)

Texas Independence (1836-1845). Texas Declaration of Independence. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836. Sam Houston (1793-1863). Steven Austin (1793-1836). The Republic of Texas. Remember the Alamo!. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand. The Battle of the Alamo.

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Texas Independence (1836-1845)

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  1. Texas Independence (1836-1845)

  2. Texas Declaration of Independence

  3. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston(1793-1863) Steven Austin(1793-1836)

  4. The Republic of Texas

  5. Remember the Alamo!

  6. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

  7. The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

  8. Overland Immigration to the West • Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.

  9. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

  10. Trails Westward

  11. The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

  12. The Doomed Donner Party CANNIBALISM ! ! Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen • Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! James Reed & Wife

  13. WAR WITH MEXICO

  14. Political Issues • Texas already possessed a large population of southerners – and a significant pop. of slaves --- admitted as slave state • Antislavery leaders opposed to annexation • Mexico never recognized Texas as independent --- considered to be a part of Mexico

  15. Texas & Oregon Enter Union • A. Tyler & Senate --- 1844 Tyler had led a publicity campaign favoring annexation – brought issue before senate – included in his argument Calhoun letter -- Senate did not approve --- annexation • B. Election of 1844 • Democratic Nominees – Henry Clay, Martin Van Buren, James K. Polk --- supported annexation of Texas & Oregon and buying California • Polk Wins the Election of 1844

  16. C. Oregon & Polk – his campaign slogan – 54/40 or fight ---- strong stance on Oregon • Privately Polk agreed to Split the Oregon territory w/ England • Received all of Oregon south of the 49th parallel

  17. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight! • By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land. • The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

  18. D. Annexation of Texas • Outgoing President Tyler pushed through an annexation bill in 1845 --- succeeded because of simple majority rather than 2/3rds vote – • Mexico broke off diplomatic relations • US & Mexico quarrel over southwestern border of Texas – Nueces River vs Rio Grande

  19. Slidell Rejection --- Polk sends a representative John Slidell to buy the state of Texas --- Herrera new President of Mexico --- refused to meet with Slidell • This ended any chance at negotiation

  20. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845 • Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border. • US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt. • US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000. • US would California at any price. John Slidell

  21. War with Mexico • Polk orders US soldiers under Zachary Taylor to cross the Nueces River – (an invasion of Mexico in the eyes of the Mexican Gov’t) • Polk wanted Mexicans to fire first – • 5/9/46 – Polk addresses congress and states that Mexico has attacked US Soldiers --- “American Blood has been shed on American Soil” – asks congress for declaration of War • Lincoln Questions the President – Spot Resolution

  22. May 13 1846 – S (40-2) H ( 174 -14) in favor of war • STRATEGY • 1. Taylor’s Force would continue south, crossing the Rio Grande near the Gulf of Mexico • 2. Separate Force would march west – capturing Santa Fe and then moving on to California • US Forces would advance on Mexico City

  23. Stephen Kearney • 1846 ordered to march from Leavenworth, Kansas to Santa Fe, NM --- onto California • New Mexico fell without a shot • In California – man named John C. Fremont led Americans in a revolt and declared California a free country in June 1846 --- called the Bear Flag Republic

  24. Zachary Taylor & Company • American Invasion of Mexico lasted – 1year • Generals – Zachary Taylor (Old Rough ad Ready) and Winfield Scott ---(Old Fuss and Feathers) • Captains – Robert E. Lee & Ulysses S. Grant • Matamores • Monterrey • Buena Vista • Vera Cruz – amphibious assault – 200 ships and 10,000 men in less than 5 hours • On to Mexico City – captures Mexico City September 14, 1847 covering 260 miles and not losing a single battle • **Scott had replaced Taylor as general because he would be a potential presidential candidate threat

  25. General Zachary Taylor at Alto Palo “Old Rough and Ready”

  26. Bombardment of Vera Cruz

  27. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

  28. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexico ceded 500,000 square miles of land to US – New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona • Agreed to Rio Grande as the border for Texas • In exchange • US Paid 15 million and agreed to take over 3.25 million dollars in dept owed by Mexico to US citizens

  29. Election of 1848 • Polk was in poor health – decided not to run • Democrat Lewis Cass vs Whig Zachary Taylor ( Martin Van Buren – Free Soil Party)

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