Medieval Europe – The Middle Ages

1. Medieval Europe – The Middle Ages Brainstorm three questions you would like to explore based on this picture. Write them down on notebook paper/in your device.

2. Pair up with your nearest neighbor and share your questions, comparing similarities and differences.

3. Medieval Europe – The Middle Ages Important Background Information: • After the fall of Roman Empire, Europe had no central capital. 2. The land was divided into many small kingdoms. This era was called the Medieval Era. 3. Tens and thousands of castles were built throughout Europe.

4. As we watch the video… • Listen for information that answers your questions from the warm up. • Write down what you learned about your question. • Add or change your question based on what you have heard in the video. • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/5BF53A4F-5F4E-4895-9182-54C5C6ED0CA9

5. Important Vocabulary for this Unit • Feudalism – a political and military system used in the Middle Ages • Fief - a large area of land that a lord gave to a less wealthy noble, who was known as a vassal. • Lords - could be any nobleman, member of a high-ranking class, or church official who owned a fief and allowed a person to use part of it in return for services. • Vassal - Individuals who agreed to use a portion of a lord’s land. Ownership of the land remained with the lord, but he allowed the vassal to tax the peasants on the land and keep the proceeds. Also, the vassals received a portion of the crops that these peasants produced. In return, the vassal promised to be loyal to and fight for his lord.

6. As we view the next 3 videos… • Complete your Main Idea Web • Fill in information that you learn in each video • This will be taken for a GRADE! • 1. http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/3A57A06D-ADC9-4862-9042-E3C56678D6C1 • 2. http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/40A3E3D1-B454-46FC-9985-9B590B4F4E13 • 3. http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/29ECFF32-F56B-4DB6-AE42-A849E6DF792E

7. With a partner… • Complete the last bubble in your Main Idea Web. • Remember to use only 20 WORDS OR LESS! • Be prepared to share with the class!

8. Homework 4/23 Warm Up 4/23 -Complete your first person account from the perspective of a king, noble, knight, or peasant. -Unit 8 Flash Cards due MONDAY 4/28! • Why were so many castles built in Europe during the Middle Ages? • Why did Feudalism begin? • What were Kings responsible for in the Feudal System? • What were Nobles/Lords responsible for in the Feudal System?

9. Take out your handout from yesterday! • What was each person’s role in the Feudal System? • As we read through the descriptions of the Feudal System in the Middle Ages, complete the visual for each person (Kings, Noble or Church Officials, Knights, Peasants).

10. Peasants http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/8A844E8F-484F-43DA-BFF5-C1C5D207E72F Peasants were also known as serfs. Serfs were peasants who were attached to the land and unable to travel freely.

11. Knights • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/25D6B3C4-30AD-4DEE-9E0E-67E2C3549A46

12. Nobles/Lords • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/9815A616-EEE3-492D-9DB9-45F22C753D1F

13. Kings

14. Homework 4/23 • Unit 8 Flash Cards due MONDAY 4/28!!! • Look at the political cartoon. • Who do you think the people are? • What do you think they are doing? • What are their feelings/emotions? Warm Up 4/23

15. Reading/Graphic Organizer • Today we will read about 4 different countries and how they developed during the Middle Ages. • We will also view a brainpop about an important document in England’s history called the MAGNA CARTA!

16. Economy Begins to Expand • During the High Middle Ages (1000 CE – 1300 CE), the economy of Europe gets stronger • Farms begin to produce more crops • Population increases • Merchants begin to trade extra goods with one another • Some merchants begin to travel far distances to trade goods

17. Economy Continues to Expand • Trade routes are developed along major rivers • Towns begin to grow and roads connect towns • Peasants and serfs are able to start saving money and leave their manor • Many peasants and serfs become craftspeople and merchants • Some start their own farms near towns where food is needed

18. Feudalism Weakens • Because many serfs and peasants are beginning to leave their manors, the feudalism system becomes weaker • Kings became more powerful. People agreed to pay taxes in return for protection and government • Kings are able to afford the powerful armies and the best weapons • Lords and knights begin to lose their power

19. Nation-States Emerge • During the Late Middle Ages (1300-1500), several kingdoms continued to increase in size and power and eventually formed nation-states • Nation-State: An independent country united under one government and linked by a common culture and language • 4 major kingdoms developed into nation-states: • England • France • Spain • Russia

20. England • During the Early Middle Ages, England was dominated by two tribes: • the Angles (northern, central and eastern England) • the Saxons (southern England) • In the 800s, King Alfred united the two groups to from one country • In 1066, there was a conflict for the next King of England when King Edward died • A French nobleman named William the Conqueror defeated Harold of Wessex in the Battle of Hastings

21. England (continued) • William the Conqueror became King of England and set up a strong central government • At first, there were conflicts between the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans (a group from France). Eventually, they worked out their differences • The modern English language is a combination of Anglo-Saxon and Norman languages • Henry II established the English system of common law- laws that applied equally to everyone in England

22. The Magna CartaMagna Carta- Brainpop • The Magna Carta came about when King John angered many nobles with a set of laws they believed were unfair • In 1215, the nobles, barons, and church officials rebelled against King John and forced him to sign an agreement. This agreement listed the rights of nobles and limited the power of kings • The average person did not gain any rights in the Magna Carta, but it became a model for those that demanded democratic rights in the future

23. BrainPop – Magna Carta • Answer the following questions as you watch: 1. Why would King John agree to sign the Magna Carta if it limited his power? 2. What are the differences and similarities of the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights? 3. What is a parliament?

24. France • A group called the Franks formed the Holy Roman Empire in the 800s • Next, the Capetian Dynasty began and rulers of this dynasty continued to expand the French kingdom

25. France (continued) • In 1226, Louis IX became King of France at the age of 12 (with help from his mom). Louis was a strong leader: • He defined the duties or royal officials • He created punishments for counterfeiting money • He outlawed duels • In 1328, the last Capetian ruler died and France entered a period known as the Hundred Years War

26. The Hundred Years War • Lasted from 1337-1453 • A series of short wars between England and France over control of land • The English won major battles because they had better weapons, mainly the longbow • Joan of Arc was a peasant girl from who said she had visions from God to drive the English out of France • Led by Joan of Arc, the French rallied and pushed the English back. However, she was captured and killed • After her death, the French started using cannons and were able to drive the English all the way out of France

27. Spain • During the 700s, Muslims conquered much of the land in Spain and ruled the area for a few hundred years • By the late 1200s, the Christians pushed the Muslims out of Spain, except for small parts • The kingdoms of Prince Ferdinand and Princess Isabella joined forming one large Spanish kingdom • They were able to defeat the remaining Muslims

28. The Inquisition • Although Muslims no longer had control of Spain, some Muslims still lived there • This led to the Inquisition • During the Inquisition, Christians tortured and killed many people of other religions (Islam and Judaism) because they viewed these religions as a threat

29. Russia • During the 900s, Russia was known as KievanRus • Weakened by civil war, Kiev and its surrounding states were captured by the Mongols, led by Genghis Kahn in the early 1200s • They were forced to be part of the Mongolian Empire

30. Russia (continued) • By 1380, Russia had gained enough power and wealth to fight back against the Mongols • In the early 1400s, the Russians were able to drive the Mongols out of Russia for good The Mongolian Empire in 1279

31. Russia (continued) • In 1547, a tsar (ruler) named Ivan IX took control of Russia • Ivan feared that nobles would try to overthrow him, so he: • Killed and imprisoned many wealthy citizens • He passed laws making serfs and peasants bound to their land (not allowed to leave). Serfs and peasants were a part of Russia until the 1800s. • He required nobles to supply troops for the Russian army • He later became known as Ivan the Terrible