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Evaluation of Commercially available Passive Samplers for Pollutant Saturation Monitoring in Wilmington, CA. Brooks Mason. Overview. What is passive sampling? Commercial Passive Sampling Media Environmental Justice Project Task I- Chamber Evaluations Task II- Pilot Study
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Evaluation of Commercially available Passive Samplers for Pollutant Saturation Monitoring in Wilmington, CA Brooks Mason
Overview • What is passive sampling? • Commercial Passive Sampling Media • Environmental Justice Project • Task I- Chamber Evaluations • Task II- Pilot Study • Task III- Harbor Communities Monitoring Study
What is Passive Sampling? • Collection of various chemical compounds utilizing adsorbents • Chemical adsorbents • Physical adsorbents • Virtually maintenance free • Requires no pumps, moving parts, electricity, maintenance
Passive Sampling Cont. • Time integrated measurement • High Sensitivity • Poor Resolution • Relies on an experimentally calculated sampling rate
Ogawa & Company Passive Sampler • Symmetrical Design allows for two simultaneous measurements • Utilizes chemical adsorbent Pads for the collection of NOx, NO2, and SO2 • Triethanol Amine • Sampling Rate is Temperature and Humidity Dependent
Radiello Passive Sampler • Utilizes a cylindrical diffusive body to increase surface area, sampling rate • Aldehydes • DNPH • Hydrogen Sulfide • Zinc Acetate • VOC • Carbograph 4
Importance of Chemical Species • Aromatics, 1,3-butadiene, and Aldehydes react with NOx to produce Ozone and are hazardous to human and ecosystem health • SO2 emissions produce secondary aerosols and contribute to ecosystem acidity • H2S is hazardous to human health and produces a foul odor
Environmental Justice ProjectEric Fujita, PI; Barbara Zielinska, Co-PI; Dave Campbell • Task I (3/06-11/06) • Evaluate Passive monitors for NOx, H2S, BTEX, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein in a controlled atmospheric chamber • Task II (8/06) • Evaluate Passive monitors for NOx, H2S, BTEX, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein in the study area (Wilmington, CA) • Task III (2/07-11/07) • Harbor Communities Monitoring Study • 25 Sites • Other measurements include minivol particulate sampling, photoaccousitic black carbon analyzers, dusttrak, qtrak, PID, basic meteorological, quality assurance
Task I - exp Aldehyde Samplers Sampling Ports Fan Temp/RH
Task I - exp • Chamber Exposure Information • 7 Day Exposures • Nominal Concentration based on Wilmington Average
Task I Results *Acrolein Validation Method highly inaccurate *VOC data is forthcoming due to 1,3 butadiene
Task II exp • Task II Study Site • North Long Beach AQMD Station • August 2006 • Objectives • Evaluate Replicate Precision and Accuracy of Passive Samplers under actual Environmental Conditions • Evaluate effect of stagnant nightime air on sampling rate
Passive Measurement Ogawa NOx Ogawa SO2 Radiello H2S Radiello VOC Radiello Aldehyde Validation Method AQMD NOx Box AQMD Continuous SO2 N/A (7) 24 hour Canisters (7) 24 hour DNPH Task II exp
Task III exp • Harbor Communities Monitoring Study • 4 seasonal saturation monitoring campaigns for 1 month each, 2007 • Winter 2/13/07 – 3/13/07 finished • 23 sites measure NOx, SO2, VOC, and Aldehyde • 6 sites for measurement of NO2 • 3 sites for measurement of H2S • 1 QA site with triplicate passive measurements and validation measurements
DRI Core DRI Core + continuous DRI Passive only Res1 SCAQMD (tentative) Port of Los Angeles OCN Port of Long Beach FD13 Res2 HES Res4 Res3 Revised 1/16/07 W710 Res6 E710 Res5 Res7 BFL E110 SE Res8 RES9 Res10 FD49 AQMD Res11 Note: DRI’s sampling locations are preliminary and are subject to change. PLAB
Conclusions • Radiello and Ogawa passive samplers have shown throughout all experiments to be precise, accurate, and sensitive. • Low wind speeds have little effect on the sampling rate for all sampler types • Future work • Identify sampling rate for 1,3-butadiene in chamber exposures • Identify effect of storage time on recovery • Develop a method for passive collection of aldehydes using PFPH with analysis by thermal desorption GC/MS
Acknowledgements • California Air Resources Board • Thanks to Barbara Zielinska, Eric Fujita, Dave Campbell, Larry Sheetz, Katy Rempala, Anna Cunningham, Mark McDaniel, and Mike Keith • Questions?