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Civil Rights

Civil Rights. Triumphs of a Crusade Part II. Freedom Riders. Interstate Facilities were segregated the in the South SNCC volunteers rode into Birmingham, AL They were pulled off and beaten-1961 Next stop: Montgomery AL. What Happened?. Arrived in Montgomery to a mob of whites

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Civil Rights

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  1. Civil Rights Triumphs of a Crusade Part II

  2. Freedom Riders Interstate Facilities were segregated the in the South SNCC volunteers rode into Birmingham, AL They were pulled off and beaten-1961 Next stop: Montgomery AL

  3. What Happened? • Arrived in Montgomery to a mob of whites • Riders were beaten with bats and lead pipes • Kennedy responded by sending in Federal Marshalls to protect riders in Jackson, Mississippi • Interstate Facilities were desegregated!

  4. James Meredith • Sept 30, 1962 • Enrolled in University of Mississippi • Governor refused to let him in! • Kennedy sends in troops to escort Meredith • Gov. Says “WE WILL NEVER SURRENDER!”

  5. What Happened? • 2 deaths, 5000 soldiers, 200 arrests, and 15 hours of rioting. • Meredith attended class with soldiers escorting him.

  6. James Meredith is escorted under heavy guard.

  7. Army trucks roll into Oxford

  8. Birmingham, AL • Known for total segregation • King decides to test power of non violence-April 12, 1963 1st demonstration-King arrested by Police commissioner Bull Connor

  9. Letter from Birmingham Jail • …..when you have seen hate filled policeman curse , kick and brutalize and even kill your black brothers and sisters…when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in the air tight cage of poverty; when you have to concoct an answer for a five year old asking:……

  10. ‘Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?’….then you will find it difficult to wait.” MLK, Jr.

  11. Children’s Crusade • 2nd demonstration in Birmingham -May 2 • Over 1000 children marched • Connor arrested 959 of them! • 3rd demonstration on May 3rd televised nationally • Police swept marchers off their feet with high pressure hoses, set attack dogs on them, clubbed marchers

  12. Demonstrators huddled in a doorway seek shelter from the hoses. The water is propelled at a force of one hundred pounds per square inch.

  13. After being hit from behind and being knocked down by the hoses, a woman is picked up and rescued by a witness

  14. A police wrestles with a 5 year old boy for the American Flag!

  15. “Are we to say to the world-and much more importantly to each other-that this is the land of the free, except for the Negroes?” Kennedy Responds

  16. George Wallace responds….. • Governor of Alabama • “I say, Segregation Now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation Forever!”

  17. Racial tensions increase…. • Medgar Evers • NAACP field secretary • WWII veteran • Murdered by a sniper in Mississippi • White Supremacist arrested but was released after hung juries. • In February 1994, nearly 31 years after Evers' death, Beckwith was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. He died in January 2001 at the age of 80.

  18. March on Washington • August 28, 1963 • People demanded the immediate passage of a Civil Rights bill • King-”I Have a Dream” speech • Largest demonstration in U.S up to that time.

  19. Civil Rights Acts of 1964 • Johnson signed the bill • Prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender

  20. Signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as Martin Luther King Jr. looks on

  21. Freedom Summer • Wanted to influence Congress to pass a voting rights act • More than a 1000 volunteers took on the challenge to register voters. • Increased violence: 4 deaths, 4 critically wounded, 80 beaten and many churches bombed and burned

  22. Bloody Sunday • Response to a killing of a demonstrator • March led by King is from Selma, AL to Montgomery, AL • More than 50 miles • March 7, 1965 • More than 600 protestors

  23. What Happened? • Televised nationally • Police tear gassed marchers • Beaten with clubs and whipped • In response, another march was planned • This time over 50,000 people showed up!

  24. So what? • 10 weeks after Selma march the Voting Rights Act was passed! But The long term effects of segregation and discrimination were starting to take its toll!

  25. Leaders who called for peace were now challenged with increasing violence.

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