1 / 29

Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression. Hot Seat. What is the relationship between the contents of the nuclei of muscle and intestine cells?. The cells function in exactly the same ways even though their nuclei are different

zion
Download Presentation

Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression Hot Seat

  2. What is the relationship between the contents of the nuclei of muscle and intestine cells? • The cells function in exactly the same ways even though their nuclei are different • Both cells have the same DNA and use all of the genetic information available • The genes in the nuclei are identical but the information that is used is different • Muscle cells have genetic information that is very different from that of intestine cells

  3. The result of transcription is • DNA • mRNA • tRNA • protein

  4. The result of translation is • DNA • mRNA • tRNA • protein

  5. There are 4 nucleotides that make up RNA. Codons consist of three adjacent nucleotides. Mathematically, there are 64 different codons, but we find only 20 common amino acids encoded by DNA in living systems. This suggests that… • Several codons are nonsense • Several codons code for each amino acid • Several amino acids have the same codon • More amino acids must be involved

  6. The actual genetic code in genes has been shown to be • Triplet sequences (Codons) of nucleotides in DNA • Chemical bonds in amino acids • Protein chains in the cell nucleus • Enzymes acting on ribosomal RNA

  7. The coded material that travels from a cell nucleus to a ribosome where a particular protein will be synthesized is called • Ribosomal RNA • Transfer RNA • Messenger RNA • Codon DNA

  8. How has genetic engineering recently been put to use? • Producing bacteria that prevent frost damage on plants • Locating the genes that cause cystic fibrosis • Inserting human DNA into bacteria to manufacture insulin • All of these

  9. The “Central Dogma” of genetics states the usual order of events in protein synthesis proceeds along which of the following sequences? • RNA  DNA  Protein • DNA  Ribsome  RNA • DNA  Protein  RNA • DNA  RNA  Protein

  10. Which of the following contains T instead of U? • DNA • mRNA • tRNA

  11. The three basepair sequence found on an mRNA strand is called the • Codon • Anticodon • Coda • Genome

  12. DNA gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by • Density • Strength of charge • Number of adenine subunits • Size

  13. A mutation which results in the changing of all the codons following the error is called a “_____” mutation • Frameshift (insertion or deletion) • Point mutation • Substitution • Chromosomal mutation

  14. Proteins are synthesized at the • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Mitochondria • lysosomes

  15. Transfer RNA has a/an ______ complementary to a mRNA codon • Anticodon • Intron • Codon • Interferon

  16. During translation, a ribosome moves along and “reads” a molecule of • tRNA • rRNA • mRNA • DNA

  17. Each group of _____ bases on DNA or mRNA codes for an amino acid • One • Two • Three • Four

  18. Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order • mRNA leaves the nucleus with the DNA code, and goes to the ribosomes • ribosomesmake proteins • mRNA and tRNA meet in the ribosomes • DNA temporarily unzips • mRNA nucleotides match up to DNA 4, 5, 1, 3, 2

  19. Decode the protein for which this gene codes • 5’ TAC GCG TAA TGA 3’ • 3’ AUG CGC AUU ACU 5’ • Met – Arg – Iso – Thr

  20. Label #1-6 • DNA • mRNA • ribosome • tRNA • anticodon • protein

  21. In transcription, the nucleotide sequence CAT in DNA would specify _______________ in mRNA. • TAC • GUA • GTA • GTU

  22. The function of tRNA is to: • Be the location for protein synthesis • Transport amino acids to the ribosome • Read amino acids • Carry DNA’s message

  23. The function of mRNA is to • Transport amino acids to the ribosome • Transcribe DNA • Read amino acids • Break down DNA

  24. Identify the polypeptide that would be produced as a result of transcribing and translating the following DNA sequence. DNA: ...3' A C C A A G T C T 5'... • arg - phe– trp • arg - leu– gly • thr - lys– ser • trp- phe– arg • gly - leu - arg

  25. Which suspect is guilty? • Suspect #2 because his/her DNA fingerprint is an exact match to the DNA fingerprint from the crime scene.

  26. Gene expression occurs when the ____________. • protein is made • cell divides • ribosome engages both the mRNA and tRNA • DNA is replicated

  27. Which father is the biological parent? • Because the child’s DNA fingerprint matches 50% of each parent.

  28. Your skin cells have different characteristics than your muscle cells, because __________. • your skin cells have the genes needed to form skin whereas your muscle cells have the genes needed to form muscles • your skin cells activate only those genes needed to make skin whereas your muscle cells activate only those genes needed to make muscle • your skin cells have different DNA codes than your muscle cells • your skin cells get mutated during development to change their characteristics from those of muscle cells

  29. Transcription Translation DNA mRNA Protein Traits Nucleus Ribosome Write out the central dogma

More Related