International Imperialism (1878 – 1901)

1. International Imperialism(1878 – 1901) By: Tiana, Farah, Olivia

2. Buffalo billby: olivia • starring William “Buffalo Bill” Cody who fought for the Union in the Civil War and later acted as a scout to the US army during the Indian Wars • He then entered show business starting up “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West” • This fictional show promoted the way the West was commonly viewed throughout the world • Many argue that Buffalo Bill was acting as an agent of cultural imperialism  promoting a view that didnot reflect the true experiences/outlooks of the Aboriginals

3. Spanish - American warby: olivia • Began as a crusade to liberate Cuba from what the Americans • Ended with the US claiming the territories as their own • The Maine (an American ship) was sunk and the American newspapers identified Spain as the one that attacked the ship  a lie • This lie caused a confrontation between Spain and the USA

4. Road to warby: farah • The United States said that the reason for the declaration of the Spanish-American war was to liberate Cuba from Spain • In 1895, Cuban patriots decided to rebel against their Spanish rulers. The Spanish lacked the necessary soldiers and resources to defeat these patriots, but General Valeriano Wyler, the Military Governor of Cuba, set up concentration camps to detain the people rebelling. • Over 200,000 people died of starvation and disease. • Many Americans related the situation in Cuba at the time to the American Revolution – patriots revolting against autocratic regimes. In this case, it was the Spanish instead of the British.

5. ROAD TO WAR • Men like Theodore Roosevelt, who was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy at the time, were eager to expand American military power into the Pacific. • This required naval bases, and most importantly, the island of the Philippines – a Spanish possession in southeast Asia, which was the perfect location for economic opportunities that benefited the United States.

6. War in the Philippinesby: farah • The Filipino theatre of war first started on May 1, 1898, where the first battle was fought in Manila Bay, in the Philippines • A few days prior to this, US Commander George Dewey sailed from Hong Kong to fight the Spanish. Roosevelt made sure Dewey’s fleet was prepared and supplied them guns, ammunition, and supplies, well before the war was declared. • On the opposing Filipino side was Emilio Aguinaldo. He was a nationalist who led an earlier revolt against Spanish rule • The Americans defeated the Spanish fleets in a manner of hours. The Spanish suffered 300 casualties while the Americans suffered only 10. • This being said, American troops did not arrive in the Philippines until of July of that same year.

7. War in the Philippinesby: farah The Battle of Manila, February, 1899

8. War in the caRIBBeanby: tiana • News of Dewey’s victory encouraged thousands of American to join the US army • recruits are from all facets of society, including blacks who identified with the Cuban’s fight for freedom • of the 17000 American invasion force, 3,00- were African Americans, which four of them later on won the congressional medal of honor. • American established a base at Guantanamo bay after their landing on June 22,1898 • they captured the nearby city which is Santiago • They engaged the Spanish in battle at San Juan Hill • Americans came close to being defeated even though their forces outnumbered the Spanish

9. WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN • Colonel Roosevelt led his Rough Riders in a successful charge and was joined by the 9th Cavalry, one of the black regiments • even though they won, the cost was heavy- dead or wounded numbered over 1500 • Santiago surrendered • the Spanish fleet fled but was cut to pieces by the US warships • three weeks later, Puerto Rico fell • On august 9th, Spain accepted President McKinley’s term for peace- formally signed in Paris on December 10, 1898 • Ironically, Cuban people who had struggled for years of their independence were not invite to participate

10. After the warby: tiana • The Spanish-American War made US an imperial power • It was now possessed several territories in the pacific such as the Philippines, Guam and Wake Island • In the election of 1900, Roosevelt became the vice president • on September 14, 1901, President McKinley was shot and Roosevelt became the youngest president in history

11. THE END